Monitor
the popular name for a class of very shallow, heavily-armed ironclad steam vessels, invented by Ericsson, decks either one carrying on their open or two revolving turrets, each containing one or more enormous guns, and designed with the minimum of exposure. Monitors are so called from the name of the first the Amervessel of the kind, built during ican Civil War, which proved its superiority in a famous engagement with the "Merrimac" in 1862, at Hampton Roads, at the mouth of James river, Va. The and the fight between the "Monitor" "Merrimac" was a terrific one, and lasted two vessels touchnearly four hours, the ing each other part of the time. The "Merrimac" at last gave up the contest, and so much disabled as badly damaged, to get her to require the aid of tugs uninjured The "Monitor" was . away. As the first encounter of iron-clad vessels, this contest created much interest in all maritime nations, though nowhere was the except in the United States navy monitor adopted as a distinct type of warship. The construction of monitors is thought to have led to that of torpedo boats.
the type of a family of lizards (Varanide). They are the largest of the lizard order, some species, such as the V. Niloticus of the Nile and Egypt, attaining a length of six feet. They generally inhabit the neighborhood of rivers and lakes, and feed upon the eggs of crocodiles, turtles, and aquatic birds.
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Monk, George
George (1608-1670), an English soldier. He is noted in English history as a brilliant commander and an unprincipled politician. He entered the British service at the age of seventeen and served under Sir Richard Grenville. At the opening of the Civil War in 1640 he fought for the king and was taken prisoner. He was released soon and took the field for Parliament. He was sent to Ireland, then recalled and reprimanded at the bar of the House for what seemed a betrayal of the cause; yet later he rose to command of the ordnance under Cromwell and was charged with the pacification of Scotland. In 1652 Cromwell made him commander of the fleet. He gained two signal victories, one over Van Tromp, the Dutch admiral. At the death of Cromwell and the virtual collapse of the Commonwealth, Monk scattered the English army with skill so that concerted opposition to the Stuarts was out of the question. He manipulated Parliament so that it could not oppose their return. Charles II, who was thus enabled to resume the throne of his fathers without the shedding of blood, rewarded Monk with the title of Duke of Albemarle and gave him a pension of $35,000 a year. For the humorous side of Monk's life, the reader may consult Pepys's Diary. See Marlborough
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Monkey
in forging, a vertical hammer, consisting of a long bar of iron, eye, several running loosely through an above the anvil, and terminating at feet called the the foot of a mass of iron, ram. The shaft is raised by a chain and drum driven by the engine and has an which is automatic releasing apparatus, regulated to drop the monkey at the rea range of from quired height, say with 5 feet. In pile-driving, the weight of a pile or post driver, which is raised by a grapple and chain, and, being detached, is allowed to fall in its guides onto the head of the pile. In zoölogy (1) A popular name for any one of the qua quadrumanous mammals having a well tails being developed tail, those wanting called apes. (2) A quadrumanous mammal having a tail and callosities, but no cheek pouches. The Capuchin monkey is the genus Cebus; the Diana monkey, Cercopithecus diana; the howling monkey is the genus Mycetes; the proboscis monkey is Semnopithecus larvatus; the sacred monkey is the Semnopithecus entellus; the silver-haired monkey, Lagothrix humboldtii; and the spider monkeys, the genus Ateles. (3) Plural: The mammalian order QUADRUMANA (q. v.). The strepsirhine monkeys are the lemurs, the platyrhine monkeys are confined to America, and the catarhine monkeys are found only in the Old World.
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Monmouth College
a coeducational institution in Monmouth, Ill.; founded in 1856 under the auspices of the United Presbyterian Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors 26; students, 254; president, T. H. McMichael, D. D. MONMOUTH, JAMES FITZROY, DUKE OF, a natural son of Charles II. of England; born in Rotterdam, April 9, 1649. At the age of 14 he was created Duke of Monmouth, and two years later was made Master of the Horse. He was concerned in various plots which had for their object the exclusion of the Duke of York from the crown; and he was, in consequence, ordered by Charles to quit the kingdom. kingdom. On the accession of James II., being urged to the act by some of his partisans, he left Holland and landed at Lyme, with scarcely 100 followers (June, 1685), but their numbers were soon increased, and he assumed at Taunton the title of king and asserted the weekly legitimacy of his birth. The royal forces were sent against him, and an engagement took place at Sedgmoor, near Bridgewater, July 6. The rebels were defeated, and the duke himself was made prisoner. He nobly refused to betray his accomplices, and conducted himself with much firmness on the scaffold, where his head was severed from his body, after four unsuccessful blows, July 15, 1685.
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Monmouth, James
James (1649-1685), an English duke. He was the son of Charles II and Lucy Walters. During the rule of the Commonwealth he was educated in France. On the restoration of the Stuarts his father called him to England and recognized him as his son, making him Duke of Monmouth. He commanded the English forces at Bothwell Bridge in 1679. He was a Protestant by sympathy and was regarded as an available candidate for the throne. The Protestants aimed to raise him to the throne instead of the legal heir, James, Duke of York, but failed. During the reign of James II , Monmouth, at the instigation of William of Orange, organized what is known as Monmouth's Rebellion. The uprising is described vividly in Blackmore's Lorna Doone and in Conan Doyle's Micah Clarke. Monmouth, never a strong character, pleaded for his life but was executed. See Jeffreys
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