Mindanao
one of the Philippine Islands, next to Luzon in point of size; length about 300 miles, breadth 150 miles; area 36,292 square miles; pop. about 500,000. All the country, except on the sea-coast, is mountainous, the volcano of Apo being 8,819 feet high. Coffee, cocoa, and cotton are exported. The chief town is Zamboanga or station at Samboangan, and naval its waxtremity.Pop. about 30,000.
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Minden
a town of Louisiana, the parish seat of Webster parish. It is on the Louisiana and Arkansas railroad. It is the center of an important cotton, corn, and sugar raising region. Its industries include saw mills, cottonseed oil mills and compresses. It has an excellent high school and three parks. Pop. (1910) 3,002; (1920) 6,105.
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Minden
a Prussian town in Westphalia, on the Weser, 40 miles W. of Han- , a over; it has a fine new bridge (1874) Gothic town hall, a Catholic church (till 1811 cathedral), built between the 11th century and 1379, and restored in 1864- 1885, manufactures of tobacco, beer, and a considerable brandy, glass, etc., river trade. Till 1873 a fortress of the second class, it was already a town in Charlemagne's day, and suffered much in the Thirty Years' War, and again in the Seven Years' War, wh when, on Aug. 1, 1759, the French were defeated here by an Anglo-Hanoverian army under Ferdinand of Brunswick and Lord George Sackville. Pop. about 27,000.
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Mindoro
one of the language a word larger of the Philippine Islands, situated to heart. S. of Luzon, from which it is separated normal type, as by the Strait of Manila; length about it not from 110 miles, breadth about 53 miles; area matter or body. 3,851 square miles; pop. about 30,000. The province of Mindoro, composed of Mindoro proper and groups of neighboring isles, has a population of about 40,- 000. Rice, cacao, and wild cinnamon are the products.
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Mine Workers of America
THE UNITED, one of the largest labor organizations in the United States, organized in 1890, on the basis of "industrial unionism," in contrast to the crafts system of organization of the American Federation of Labor. It includes all workers connected with the coal-mining industry, under the status of foreman. It is governed by a national executive board and twenty-five delegates, each representing a district. The organization made its first big gains in membership during the strike of the miners in the bituminous districts, in 1897, and during the successful strike in the anthracite districts, during 1900 and 1902, under the leadership of John Mitchell. In the fall of 1919 it attempted to organize a nation-wide strike of the workers in the coal industry, but was defeated by a Federal injunction and through lack of public sympathy. The official organ of the organization is "The United Mine 1 Worker."
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Mineral Caoutchouc
a variety of bitumen, intermediate between the harder and softer kinds; sometimes resembling india-rubber.
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Mineral Cotton
If a jet of steam is forced through liquid slag, the latter is changed into a mass of fine white threads, which when gathered together appear like cotton wool. It is sometimes called mineral wool. If an extra strong current of moist air be blown into a cupola that is slagging freely, this phenomenon is likely to occur.
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Mineral Oils
See PETROLEUM. Minerals are all such natural bodies as are destitute of organization, existing either within or on the surface of the earth, and which are neither animal nor vegetable. The hardness of minerals, beginning with the softest, is as follows: 1. Talc; 2. Gypsum; 3. Calcareous spar; 4. Fluorspar; 5. Apatite; 6. Feldspar; 7. Quartz; 8. Topaz; 9. Sapphire; 10. Corundum; 11. Diamond. See PRECIOUS STONES; EARTHS; MINERALS.
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Mineral Production
UNITED STATES. The table which appears on pages 242-243 gives the production of metals and minerals in the United States for 1918, with estimates of production for 1919.
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Mineral Waters
waters so far impregnated with mineral matter as to give them a peculiar taste or smell, and specific medicinal properties, which may exert effects on the human body different than on ordinary water. They are usually divided into four classes-carbonetted, or those containing free carbonic acid gas; chalybeate, or those impregnated with iron; saline, containing considerable quantities of neutral salts, as sulphate of magnesia, chloride of sodium, etc.; and sulphurous, or waters containing sulphuretted hydrogen. The term mineral waters is also applied to artificial aƫrated waters. Natural mineral waters are generally connected with recent or extinct volcanoes, and they are most common in volcanic regions. Some are thermal. MINERAL WAX. See OZOKERITE.
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Miners
WESTERN FEDERATION OF, a labor organization of employees of mines, smelters, etc., founded in 1893, on the industrial union principle, and now covering over two dozen States, mostly in the Rocky Mountain region. The Federation indorses socialism, its slogan being "labor produces all wealth; therefore all wealth belongs to those who produce it." It played a very prominent part in the Cripple Creek strikes, in 1894, when the militia was called into the field. It also backed the strike in the Coeur d'Alene Mines in Colorado, in 1899, when martial law was declared on account of the revolutionary violence of the strikers. The official organ of the organization is "The Miners' Magazine."
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Minersville
a town in Schuylkill co., Pa., in the midst of the anthracite coal-mining district. Three railroads enter the borough, the Pennsylvania, Lehigh Valley, and the Reading. An electric road connects it with Pottsville. Pop. (1910) 7,240; (1920) 7,845.
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Minerva
in Roman mythology, the goddess of wisdom. The first syllable of the name is the same root as that which appears in the English word, mind. She was the daughter of Jupiter, the counterpart of the Greek Athene, the daughter of Zeus. Though wisdom is of slow growth, Minerva sprang from his brain full grown and clad in armor. In case of attack she was a warlike goddess, but she had no desire for foreign conquest,--no sympathy with Mars, the god of war, violence, and bloodshed. She presided over agriculture and commerce and household arts--spinning, weaving, and embroidery. She gave mortals the olive and taught them how to cultivate it. In art, Minerva, like Athene, is represented in full drapery with helmet, shield and spear. She ranked with Jupiter and Juno, and, with them, the center of her worship was the great temple on the Capitoline Hill. The wise-looking owl is called the bird of Minerva. See Spider ; Athene
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