Munroe
HENRY SMITH, mining engineer; born in Brooklyn, in 1850, he was educated at Columbia University, and became assistant geologist of the Ohio State Geological Survey in 1870, and chemist in the U. S. Department of Agriculture in 1870. He was assistant geologist and mining engineer in the geological survey of Yezo, Japan, from 1872 to 1875, professor of geology and mining, University of Tokyo, 1875-1876, and adjunct professor of surveying and practical mining at Columbia 1877 to MÜNSTERBERG 1891. From 1891 to 1915 he was professor of mining at Columbia, emeritus professor in 1915.
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Munsey
FRANK ANDREW, American publisher; born at Mercer, Me., Aug. 21, 1854. Educated at public schools. Was manager of a telegraph office in Augusta, Me. He came to New York in 1882 and edited and published "The Golden Argosy" magazine. At first a juvenile publication, he changed it to a story magazine for adults, as "The Argosy." "Munsey's Weekly" started in 1889, developed into "Munsey's Maga- 1000 zine" in the year 1901. As the first popular illustrated magazine of standard size to be sold for ten cents it attained a great circulation and was widely imitated. Mr. Munsey owns and controls "The Argosy," "Munsey's Magazine," "The Rail Road Man's Magazine," "The All-Story We "The Baltimore Weekly,' " News," "The Sun," New York, and in "The New York Herald" 1920 acquired and "The Evening Telegram." Mr. Munsey has writen several novels and books are "Under Fire" for boys. His works Great City" (1890); "Afloat in a (1887); "The Boy Broker" (1888); forth" (1894).
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Muntz-metal
An alloy of copper and zinc used for the sheathing of ships, composed of copper 60, zinc 40. This alloy admits of hot rolling. See BRASS; COPPER; SHEATHING-METAL. Mushet Cast Steel is made by melting malleable scrap-iron with charcoal and oxide of manganese in crucibles directly, independent of blister-steel. See STEEL.
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Mural Arch
a wall, or walled arch, placed exactly in the plane of the meridian line for fixing a large quadrant, sextant, or other instrument, to observe the meridian altitudes, etc., of the heavenly bodies.
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Mural Circle
an astronomical instrument consisting of a graduated circle, furnished with a telescope and firmly affixed to a wall, in the plane of the meridian. It is used for determining with great accuracy altitudes and zenith distances, from which may be found declinations and polar distances, and has a graduated circle secured at right angles to its horizontal axis. See TRANSIT.
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Mural Crown
the corona muralis of the Romans; a wreath, chaplet, or crown of gold, indented and embattled, given by the Romans to the soldier who first mounted a breach in storming a town.
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Mural Decoration
the embellishment of walls. It dates from very ancient times. The Egyptian and Etruscan monuments form an integral and important part of the history of painting, and have helped to mold the development of certain styles of art. Incised work and reliefs have been largely employed. The Greeks tinted their temples and "picked out" their sculptured friezes and pediments with color; colored bricks were used in Assyrian, and wall tiles in Moslem, architecture. Some of the Roman walls were built of tufa and red brick, colored brick, terra-cotta, and variegated arrangements of marble were largely used in Italy. The plaster work known as sgraffito is especially adapted for this use.. Many English churches of the mediæval period have been built of flint and stone, and much Tudor work of particolored brick. Distemper and fresco are described in separate articles; water glass is a silicate process of which there is an example in the English Houses of Parliament. Mosaic work is extensively used in floors and ceilings, but also occasionally employed in mural decoration.
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Murano
an island and town of Italy, about a mile N. of Venice; V it is famous as the seat of the Venetian glass manufacture an industry established in the 13th century, and revived in 1860 by Antonio Salviati (1816-1890). It possesses a fine 12th-century cathedral, and another church with_some valuable pictures, including Paul Veronese's "St. Jerome in the Desert." Pop. about 6,000.
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Muratore
LUCIEN, French tenor; born at Marseilles in 1878, he studied voice culture at the conservatory there, and, after some time spent in Paris, sang with Madame Calve at the Opera Comique in "La Carmelite," "Muguette" and "Le Cor Fleuri" and at the Paris Opera gaining distinction as Faust and Romeo, and in "Salome" and "Francesca da Rimini." Since 1912 he has been a member of the Grand Opera Company in Chicago.
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Murchison
SIR RODERICK IM- PEY, an English geologist; born in Tarradale, Ross-shire, Scotland, Feb. 19, 1792. After receiving a portion of his education at the Durham grammar school, he entered the military college at Marlow in 1805, and left in two years subsequently, ly, on receiving a commission in the 36th regiment. In 1828 he accompanied Sir Charles Lyell in a geological tour among the extinct volcanoes of Auvergne. He subsequently succeeded in in discovering the whole series of Silurian rocks in the sea-cliffs W. of Milford Haven, England. The term "Silurian System which is the name of his first great work, was first used by him. The result of his several expeditions was published in 1845, in a volume, entitled "Geology of Russia and the Ural Mountains." Shortly after the publication of this book Murchison was knighted. ed. In 1854 he produced "Siluria; the History of the oldest known Rocks containing Organic Re Remains, with a Brief Sketch of the Distribution of Gold over the Earth." In 1855 he was appointed Director-General of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and Director of the Metropolitan School of Science applied to Mining and the Arts. He died Oct. 22, 1871.
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Murcia
an ancient town of Spain, on the Segura river; 46 miles M S. W. of Alicante. It stands in the productive vale of Murcia, an old-fashioned Moorish town, embosomed in gardens of mulberry, orange, fig, palm, and other fruit trees. Almost the only notable buildings are the bishop's palace and the cathedral, this last begun in 1353, but reconstructed in 1521, and surmounted by a fine bell tower. Silks, saltpeter, soda, gunpowder, musical instruments, and glass are manufactured; fruit growing, the preparation of olive oil, and the weaving of esparto also flourish. Alfonso X. of Castile took the city from the Moors in 1263; an earthquake almost destroyed it in 1829; and it was captured by the insurgents in 1843. Pop. about 150,000. The province of Murcia has an area of 4,478 square miles; pop. about 650,000. With the present province of Albacete it was an independent Arab kingdom for 27 years in the 13th century.
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