Momentum
The amount of motion in a body, which is obtained by multiplying its mass by its velocity. MOSELEY, CHARLES S. Mr. Moseley has been intimately connected with nearly every watch company in the United States, and as a mechanical engineer and designer of watch machinery, of the automatic type, he had no superiors and but few equals. Among those that have acquired a world-wide reputation may be mentioned the interchangeable stem-wind mechanism of the Elgin National Watch Company; the dust-band used by the same company, the best and cheapest ever made; the triangular hairspring stud; a patent regulator and the split chuck, an accessory now become universal and indispensable to every watchmaker in the land. He was born at Westfield, Mass., Feb. 28 1838. His first connection with watchmaking was in 1852, when he entered the employ of Dennison, Howard & Davis, at Roxbury, Mass. He followed the factory to Waltham and was employed in the capacity of foreman of the machine shop and later as master mechanic. In 1859 he became master mechanic of the Nashua Watch factory, and designed and built the machinery with which that watch was manufactured. In 1864 he joined the Elgin National Watch Company, then just starting, and was made general superintendent, in which capacity he remained with the company until 1877. MOTEL, H. A French chronometer maker, pupil and successor of Louis Berthoud. His chronometers were remarkable for their close rates and for their beautiful construction. He died in 1859.
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Mommsen
THEODOR (mom'zen), a German historian; born in Garding, Schleswig, Nov. 30, 1817. He was Professor of Law at Leipsic, 1848-1850; of Roman law, at Zürich 1852-1854, at Breslau, 1854-1858; of ancient history at Berlin, 1858; member of the Prussian House of Delegates. His great work is Romanist18518eat work is besides, "Roman Chronology down to Cæsar"; "History of Roman Coinage" (1860); "Roman Investigations" (1864- 1879); "History of Roman Political Law, He was editor-in-chief of the great "Body of Latin Inscriptions" (1863- 1893). He died at the age of 86, at Charlottenburg, Prussia, Nov. 1, 1903.
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Mommsen, Theodor
mom'sen, Theodor (1817-1903), a German historian. He was a native of Schleswig. He died at Berlin. He was educated at the University of Kiel. He held various university positions at Leipsic, Zurich, and Breslau. During the revolutionary period, 1848, he was an advocate of progress and reform. Following the Franco-Prussian War , he was a member of the lower house of the Prussian Parliament. He opposed Bismarck's policy both with reference to the Catholics and the tariff. In 1858 he was appointed professor of ancient history in the University of Berlin. In spite of his interest in modern politics he is best known as the author of The History of Rome in five volumes. Though one of the most remarkable scholars of the day, whether considered as a decipherer of inscriptions, a historian, a lawyer, an expert on coins, or as a student of language, his volumes are written in a popular style without mention of authority. His is the most readable, and, we may say, the most authentic history of the Roman Republic that has yet appeared. It has been translated into the leading languages of the world. It is the standard authority in libraries everywhere.
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Momus
The god of mirth amongst the ancients, according to Hesiod, was the son of Nox. He amused himself by satirizing the gods by turning into ridicule whatever they did.
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Mona
a small island of the West Indies, 42 miles W. of Porto Rico, in the middle of Mona Passage; area, nearly 10,000 acres. It is a coral formation. The general level being about 60 feet above the sea-level, with a range of hills on the E. side of the island. All kinds of tropical fruits grow in profusion. It is the nesting place of thousands of green turtles. Mona came into possession of the United States under the peace treaty with Spain in 1898. The only resident on the island is a lighthouse keeper.
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Monad
in chemistry, univalent element. A name given to those elements which can directly unite with, or replace, one atom of hydrogen in a compound. The monad elements are hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine, lithium, sodium, potassium, ruthenium, cæsium, and silver. In philology, a monosyllabic The S. side of the cloisters generally word or root, specifically, a monosyllabic root of the isolating class of languages. In philosophy, a term first used by Giordano Bruno (1548-1600), and adopted in a slightly different sense and brought into prominence by Leibnitz (1648-1716).
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Monagas
state of Venezuela, on the N. E., where it is washed by the Atlantic. The Venezuelan Andes traverse to the plain of Barcelona, with the Coast Range (Sierra del Mar) rising from the sea. Cattle-raising considerable, with coffee and cacao. Capital, Maturin. Area, 28,- 000 sq. kil. Pop. (1917) 90,439.
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Monaghan
county in Ireland, ancient Gaelic name Muineachan. Area, 477 square miles. Watered by Finn and Blackwater. Manufactures include linen, stock-raising. Mainly agricultural with stone quarries. Pop. about 70,000.
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Monarchy
a state or government in which the supreme power is vested in the hands of a single ruler, and which is absolute, limited, or constitutional, hereditary, or elective. An empire; a kingdom; the state or country ruled by a monarch, absolute or constitutional.
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Monastir
or BITO- LIA, formerly second town in Turkish Macedonia; 90 miles N. W. of Salonica. It manufactures carpets and silver filigree, and trades in corn and agricultural products. Under its ancient name of Pelagonia it gives title to a Greek archbishop. The Serbs captured the town in the Balkan War 1912. Since then a part of Serbia. In November, 1915, the town was captured by the Austrians and Bulgarians, who, however, lost it again to the Allied forces in November, 1916. See WORLD WAR.
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Monazite
an ore of cerium metals, consisting of cerium-lanthanum-didymium phosphate, (Ce, La, Di,) PO4, and containing thorium and other rare earth metals. The thorium content varies from nothing up to 18 per cent. thorium oxide. Monazite occurs either as yellowish brown and translucent or dull brown and opaque. S.G. 4.9 to 5.3, hardness 5½. River sands frequently contain this mineral being in small amounts, North worked and South commercially Carolina. in mined in many parts of States, in the southern Urals and in Norway. Thorium is used in the manufacture of incandescent gas mantles and cerium for pyrophoric alloys.
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