Monbuttu
or MANGBATTU, a country in central Africa. Its area is about 4,000 square miles. Pop. about 1,500,000. The soil is fertile and produces tobacco and sugar cane. The inhabitants were formerly cannibals, but the country in recent years has become farther, lay almost depopulated by slave traders.
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Moncton
a town and port of entry of New Brunswick, on the Petitcodiac river, 89 miles N. E. of St. John. It is at the head of navigation on the river, has a fine harbor, and contains many The whole important factories in leather, hats, by a wall, foundry materials and flour and planing mills. A center for lumber and farm products. Pop. about 12,500.
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Monel Metal
an alloy made from the nickel-copper ores of Ontario, and containing 67 per cent. nickel, 28 per cent. copper, 5 per cent. iron and manganese. It is strong, tough, and ductile, will not rust, and is resistant to the action of acids and alkalies. These properties render it valuable in marine engineering and the construction of chemical equipment.
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Monen
A Kabalistic term covering that branch of magic which deals with the reading of the future by the computation of time and observance of the heavenly bodies. It thus includes astrology.
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Monessen
a borough of Pennsylvania in Westmoreland county about 40 miles S. of Pittsburgh. It is on the Monongahela river and on the Pennsylvania and the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie railroads. It is an important industrial city and contains large steel and tinplate works. Its other industries include wire-fence factories, lumber yards and brick works. Pop. (1910) 11,775; (1920) 18,179.
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Monet
CLAUDE, a French landscape painter, leader of the Impressionist School; born in Paris 1840. He drew directly from nature, producing wonderful effects of light and air, and endeavoring to catch the transitory aspect of scenes. For twenty years he labored before his views were accepted, traveling much of the time studying foreign art. His first painting that expressed his artistic methods was "Impression-Rising Sun" (1874). His earlier style is represented by "The Breakfast" in the Luxembourg, Paris. "The Orchard," and "Bordighera," produced later, show his wonderful handling of light effects. Among the best of his late productions are "Waterloo Bridge" (1904); "Palazzo Dario, Venice" (1908); "Rouen Cathedral": „ "Water Lilies"; "View of the Thames,' all in the Luxembourg Gallery.
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Money
Money which comes from the devil is of poor quality, and such wealth, like the fairy-money, generally turns to earth, or to lead, toads, or anything else worthless or repulsive. "A youth," says Gregory of Tours, "received a piece of folded paper from a stranger, who told him that he could get from it as much money as he wished, so long as he did not unfold it. The youth drew many gold pieces from the papers, but at length curiosity overcame him, he unfolded it and discovered within the claws of a cat and a bear, the feet of a toad and other repulsive fragments, while at the same moment his wealth disappeared." In popular superstition it is supposed that if a person hear the cuckoo for the first time with money in his pocket, he shall have some all the year, while if he greet the new moon for the first time in the same fortunate condition, he shall not lack money throughout the month.
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Mong Pai
a state of British Burma with an area of 660 square miles. The land is for the most part hilly. Rice is produced on irrigated land, and tobacco, sugar cane, cotton, and fruit are grown. Pop. about 21,000. The capital is the city of the same name.
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Mong Pan
a state of Burma with an area of 2,299 square miles. It is for the most part undeveloped country. The northern part is covered with a dense jungle. Pop. about 19,000.
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Mongolian
in philology, an epithet sometimes applied to the whole class of Turanian tongues; sometimes specifically applied to that group spoken by the Kalmucks and other tribes from Tibet to China. In ethnology, one of the five great races of the world. The head is square; the face flattish, nearly as broad as long; the eyelids narrow, obliquely turned up at their outer angle; the nose flat, the cheeks projecting, the chin somewhat prominent. The hair is straight, the color black, that of the face and body yellowish. It includes not merely the natives of Mongolia properly so called, but the Tartars, the Chinese, the Japanese, the Samoeides, the Cochin Chinese, the Burmese, the Tamuls, the Turks, the Hungarians, and the Finns. Called also Mongolide, Mongoloids, and Turanians.
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Monis
ANTOINE ERNEST, a French statesman, born in 1846 at Châteauneuf-sur-Charente. Elected deputy 1885-1889. Senator and leader of the Radical Socialist party in 1891. Minister of Justice in 1899-1902. Vice-President of the Senate, and Premier in March, 1911. He was succeeded in 1911 as Premier by Caillaux when the Chamber voted a lack of confidence in the Government. In December, 1913, he be- Cabinet came Minister of Marine in the of Dumergue. The "Figaro" newspaper charged that in 1911 Caillaux had induced him to hold up the trial of the swindling promoter Rochette until the charge was outlawed and Monis resigned.
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Monism
a philosophical theory that be referred to all being may ultimately one category. Thus idealism, pantheism, to materialism are monisms, as opposed the dualism of matter and spirit. See PHILOSOPHY.
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Monitor
the type of a family of lizards (Varanide). They are the largest of the lizard order, some species, such as the V. Niloticus of the Nile and Egypt, attaining a length of six feet. They generally inhabit the neighborhood of rivers and lakes, and feed upon the eggs of crocodiles, turtles, and aquatic birds.
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Monitor
the popular name for a class of very shallow, heavily-armed ironclad steam vessels, invented by Ericsson, decks either one carrying on their open or two revolving turrets, each containing one or more enormous guns, and designed with the minimum of exposure. Monitors are so called from the name of the first the Amervessel of the kind, built during ican Civil War, which proved its superiority in a famous engagement with the "Merrimac" in 1862, at Hampton Roads, at the mouth of James river, Va. The and the fight between the "Monitor" "Merrimac" was a terrific one, and lasted two vessels touchnearly four hours, the ing each other part of the time. The "Merrimac" at last gave up the contest, and so much disabled as badly damaged, to get her to require the aid of tugs uninjured The "Monitor" was . away. As the first encounter of iron-clad vessels, this contest created much interest in all maritime nations, though nowhere was the except in the United States navy monitor adopted as a distinct type of warship. The construction of monitors is thought to have led to that of torpedo boats.
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