Newark (Village of New York in Wayne)
a village of New York in Wayne co., 30 miles S. E. of Rochester. It is situated on the State barge canal and on the New York Central, West Shore, and Pennsylvania railroads. It is the center of a productive agricultural region. Its chief industries are fruit preserving and nursery products. There are also manufactories of paper boxes, wagons, automobile wheels, etc. It contains a public library and a State Asylum for Feeble-Minded. Newark was the home of the Fox sisters, from whose performances grew modern spiritualism. Pop. (1910) 6,227; (1920) 6,964.
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Newark-Upon-Trent
a town of Nottinghamshire, England, on a branch of Nottingof the Trent; 18 miles N. E. ham and 120 N. by W. of London. It has a fine parish church, built mainly between 1350 and 1480. Newark has an important corn market and great malting industries, besides iron and brass foundries, manufactures of boilers and agricultural implements and plaster of paris works. A British town and Roman station, Newark in Saxon times became the seat of a castle, which was rebuilt in 1125 by Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln (hence the name New Wark), and which long bore the name of the "key of the North." King John died in it (1216); and in the Great Rebellion it stood three sieges. In 1646 it was dismantled, and is now represented only by a picturesque ruin. Pop. about 17,- 500.
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Newbern
a city, port of entry, and county-seat of Craven co., N. C.; at the junction of the Neuse and Trent rivers; and on the Atlantic Coast Line and the Norfolk Southern railroads; 108. miles E. S. E. of Raleigh. It has steamship communication with Norfolk, Baltimore, and New York. Here are a public library, and several National and State banks. The city exports fish, cotton, turpentine, lumber, vegetables, and naval stores. It has grist and sawmills, turdistilleries, carriage factories, manufactories of agricultural implements, etc. During the early part of the Civil War Newbern was strongly fortified by the Confederates, but on March 14, 1862, it fell into the hands of General Burnside, after a sharp action. Pop. (1910) 9,901; (1920) 12,198.
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Newberry
a city of South Carolina, the county seat of the county of the It is 43 miles Columbia and is situated on the Colum- , and Southbia, Newberry and Laurens ern railroads. It is the center of an important cotton-growing region and has important manufactures of cotton goods, cottonseed oil, fertilizers, etc. The town contains an excellent city hall Newberry Coland court house and the lege. Pop. (1910) 5,028; (1920) 5,894.
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Newbolt
SIR HENRY JOHN, English poet and author. Born at Bilston, Staffordshire, in 1862. Educated at Clifton College, Bristol, and Corpus Christi, Oxford. Was called to the bar in 1887, and practiced law until 1889. Edited the "London Monthly Review," 1900-1904. His most celebrated poems dealing with martial valor and the sea are to be found in "Admirals All" (1897), and "The Island Race" (1898). He has also published a novel "Taken from the Enemy" (1892); "Mordred," a tragedy; "Stories from Froissart" (1899); "Froissart in Britain" (1900); "The Old Country," romance (1906); The " New June" (1909); "Poems Old and New" (1912); "Book of Blue Seas" (1914); and "The Book of the Long Trail" (1919).
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Newburgh
a city of Orange co., N. Y.; on the Hudson river, and on the Erie, the West Shore, and the New York Central and Hudson River railroads; 60 miles N. of New York. The Hudson river here expands into Newburgh Bay, about 8 miles long and 2 miles wide. The city is built on sloping ground rising 300 feet above river-level. It con- Hospital, a public litains St. Luke's demy, Nabrary, Masonic Temple, an academy, tional and savings banks, Home for the Friendless, Home for Children, waterworks, and electric light and street railroad plants. It is a shipping point for grain, dairy products, flour, coal, etc. It also has flour, cotton, woolen and plaster mills, tanneries, and manufactories of machinery, etc. Washington's Headquarters, an old stone mansion, with many relics of the Revolutionary War, is a noted attraction, and near by is a anique Trophy Memorial. The first settlement was made in 1709. Pop. (1910) 27,805; (1920) 32,779
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Newbury
a market-town of Berkshire, England, on the Kennet, 17 miles W. by S. of Reading, and 55 from London. It has an old church built in the reign of Henry VII. The grammar school claims King John for its founder (1216). The town has many ancient and wealthy charities. It was incorporated by Elizabeth in 1596. Two hard-fought battles took place here in the Great Re- 1644. bellion-one in 1643; the other in Pop. about 13,000.
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Newburyport
a city, port of entry, and one of the county-seats of Essex co., Mass.; on the Merrimac river, ; and on the Boston and Maine railroad the 37 miles N. E. of Boston. It contains Putnam Free School, Anna Jacques Hospital, high school, public library, an Old Ladies' Home, Marine Museum, the house in which William Lloyd Garri- Church, son was born, the Old South where the remains of Whitefield are buried, electric light and street railroad plants, daily and weekly newspapers, and National and savings banks. It has manufactories of machinery, cotton goods, boots and shoes, fiber braid, collars and cuffs, hats, and silverware. Pop. (1910) 14,949; (1920) 15,618.
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Newcastle
the chief city of Northumberland, England. It is situated near the mouth of the Tyne which is crossed here by numerous bridges. The site was well known to the Romans, being the eastern terminus of Hadrian's Wall. A Norman castle built in 1080 was long a noted stronghold. During the border warfare between England and Scotland, Newcastle was taken and retaken repeatedly. There are important manufactures of hardware, glass, chemicals, cannon, locomotives, and machinery. Numerous steamship lines ply from Newcastle to London, Leith, and various ports of continental Europe. It is the largest exporting coal market in the world, whence the phrase, "To carry coals to Newcastle," expressive of uselessness.
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Newcastle (City and county-seat)
a city and county-seat of Lawrence co., Pa.; at the confluence of the Neshannock and the Shenango rivers, and on the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie, the Pennsylvania, the Erie, the Baltimore and Ohio, and the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh railroads; 50 miles N. E. of Pittsburgh. It contains the Shenango Valley Hospital, waterworks, electric street railroads, gas and electric lights, daily and weekly newspapers, and several National banks. It is in a section rich in sandstone and limestone, iron ore, fire clay, and bituminous coal. It has manufactories of sewer pipe, glass, fire brick, iron, steel, boilers, etc. Pop. (1910) 36,280; 0) 36,280; (1920) 44,938.
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