Each of these 10 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
one of the principal naval stations of Russia, on the Black Sea, in the province of Kherson, and 36 miles N. W. of the town of Kherson, at • the confluence of the Ingul and Bug. It occupies a large space, is fortified and well built, with wide streets and a finely planted boulevard. It was founded in 1791, and since its connection with the Russian railway system its trade and importance have vastly increased. Pop. about 110,000.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
A Greek historian, was a native of Damascus . Some fragments of his works have come down to us, of which the most important is a portion of a life of Augustus. Nilus (The Nile). One of the most important rivers of the world, flowing through Aethiopia and Egypt northwards into the Mediterranean Sea .
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JOHN GEORGE, an American author; born in Essingen, Bavaria, Feb. 26, 1832; was brought to the United States in 1838 by his parents, and educated in the public schools. When 16 years old he became a printer in the office of the "Free Press," Pittsfield, Ill., where he rose to the post of publisher and editor. As proprietor of this paper he was recognized as a dominant political force in the State. During the famous campaign between Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Douglas, he took sides with the former, and when Mr. Lincoln was nominated for the presidency he appointed Mr. Nicolay his private secretary. Shortly before President Lincoln's assassination, he appointed Mr. Nicolay United States Consul at Paris, which post he held till 1869. In 1872 he was made marshal of the Supreme Court of the United States, and occupied that post for 15 years. As an author, Mr. Nicolay is best known from "Abraham Lincoln, a History" (1890), on which he collaborated with JOHN HAY (q. v.). He also contributed numerous magazine articles and sketches on President Lincoln. He died in Washington, D. C., Sept. 26, 1901.
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WILLIAM ROBERTSON, SIR, a Scotch clergyman and editor; born in Lumsden, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, Oct. 10, 1851. He took an M. A. at Aberdeen University; was minister of the Free Church at Kelso for eight years; on account of ill-health he resigned; in 1887 started the "British Weekly," one of the most successful religious papers in England, and later be came English editor of the "Bookman" and the "British Monthly." He also published a number of books, chiefly on religious or literary subjects.
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Jean, a French explorer. Little is known of him save that he was an agent of Champlain. He was the first recorded white man to set foot on the soil of Wisconsin. In 1834 he ascended the Fox River. He is to be distinguished from the Jean Nicollet who traveled in the West 1832-40. In 1909 a memorial stone to the explorer Nicollet was erected at Menasha, Wisconsin. It marks the site of the ancient fort of the Winnebago Indians. The memorial is a huge boulder of basalt rock, known as Winnebago Manitou stone, or spirit rock. It is mounted on a plain pyramid of sandstone twelve feet high. It is inscribed: "Near this spot landed, 1634, Jean Nicollet, first white man in Wisconsin, met the Winnebago tribe, held earliest white council with 5,000 savages. Erected by the City and Women's Clubs of Menasha, 1906."
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Jean Nicolas (1786-1843), a French scientist. He was born in Savoy. He was the friend and pupil of Laplace, who makes frequent mention of him in his Mechanique Celeste. He visited the United States in 1833 for scientific study. He desired particularly to explore the Red, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Missouri river basins. He collected ethnological, historical, and physiological data concerning America and its products. He was employed by the war department to make further researches in the far West, and on this expedition he was accompanied by Fremont. He made several geological reports, and a map which was published by order of Congress. He died in Washington, D. C., September 11, 1843. His name is preserved in Nicollet Avenue of Minneapolis, and in Nicollet County, Minnesota.
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the capital of ancient Bithynia, at the N. E. angle of an inlet of the Propontis. It was built in 264 B. C. by Nicomedes I., and soon became one of the most magnificent and flourishing cities in the world; some of the later emperors, such as Diocletian and Constantine the Great, selected it for their temporary residence. It_suffered Hannibal greatly from earthquakes. committed suicide in a castle close by, and Constantine died near the city, which was the birthplace of the historian Arrian. The small town of Ismid now occupies its site.
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a town of Bulgaria, on the Danube; 56 miles W. of Rustchuk. The Berlin Congress of 1878 provided for the demolition of the fortifications. Here the Hungarians were defeated by the Sultan Bajazet in 1396; and the place has been more than once taken by the Russians (1810, 1827, 1877). Pop. about 6,000.
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in botany, a genus of Solanaceae, commonly known as tobacco.
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former capital of state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on the bay, 5 miles from city of Rio de Janeiro. Manufactures war munitions; the environs are beautiful. Pop. about 42,000. GEORG BARTHOLD NIEBUHR, (nē'bör), a German historian and philologist; born in Copenhagen, Aug. 27, 1776. At the age of 18 he was sent to the University of Kiel, where he studied After holding situations in two years. a government office at Copenhagen, he was invited to Berlin in 1805, and entered the service of the King of Prussia. On the establishment of the University of Berlin, Niebuhr was chosen lecturer on Roman history; and the lectures then delivered formed the basis of the great work by which his name is immortalized, "Roman History" (1811-1827). He served in the campaigns of 1813-1814, and was sent as ambassador to the papal court at Rome in 1816. Quitting Rome in 1823, he was appointed adjunct-professor at the new University of Bonn, where he occupied himself with the preparation of a new edition of his great work, and with a republication of the Byzantine historians. Niebuhr published, besides his history, "Minor Historical and Philological Writings," etc. The "Roman History" was translated into English by Hare and Thirlwall. He died in Bonn, Prussia, Jan. 2, 1831.
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