These 10 listings are so strange that each appears in only one of the 7 encyclopedias we compared. They include such classics as Nice, Nice, Nicene Creed.
nes, a city of Asia Minor . It is located on the shore of a lake, forty-five miles southeast of Constantinople. Its site is now occupied by a mere village. It is renowned in history as the place of a famous ecclesiastical council convened 325 A. D. by the Emperor Constantine. This was composed of bishops. This Nice of church history is to be distinguished from a city of the same name situated on the Mediterranean coast of France. See Arianism
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Called Victoria by the Romans, the goddess of victory, is described as a daughter of Pallas and Styx, and as a sister of Zelus (zeal), Cratos (strength), and Bia (force). Nice had a celebrated temple on the Acropolis of Athens , which is still extant. She is often represented in ancient works of art, especially with other divinities, such as Zeus ( Jupiter ) and Athena (Minerva), and with conquering heroes, whose horses she guides. In her appearance she resembles Athena, but has wings, and carries a palm or a wreath, and is engaged in raising a trophy, or in inscribing the victory of the conqueror on a shield.
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or NICEA, in ancient geogra- , a city of Bithynia, in phy Asia Minor, or, on the E. shore of Lake Ascania. Antigonus rebuilt it 316 B. c., and named it Antigonea; but Lysimachus, having conquered this part of Asia, changed its name to Nicæa, in honor of his wife. It became a city of great importance. The celebrated Council of Nicea, the first general council, was convened there A. D. 325, by the Emperor Constantine, in order to settle differences that had arisen in respect to the doctrines of Arius. This council was attended by upward of 300 bishops, of whom a great majority came from the East, besides presbyters, deacons, and others from all parts of the Christian world. The chief question was the Arian heresy; and the council decreed the excommunication of Arius (see ARIAN). The confession of faith adopted by this council is known as the NICENE CREED (q. v.). The 2d council of Nice, recognized ecumenic council of the Roman Catholics, assembled in 786 under the authority of Pope Adrian I. by the desire of Empress Irene. The bishops declared the veneration of images and the cross to be agreeable to sacred Scripture and reason, and to the teachings of the Church.
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properly the CON- STANTINOPOLITAN
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the summary of articles of belief formulated by the first council of Nice, and the "Filioque" clause, to which the Greeks objected, having been added at the First Council of Constantinople, A. D., 381, under Pope Damasus I. The creed is recited daily in the Roman mass-all present genuflecting at the words "Et homo factus est"-and in the Communion office of the Anglican Church.
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JOHN, a Scotch writer; born in Montrose, Forfarshire, Scotland, Sept. 8, 1833. He was a Professor of English Literature at the University of Glasgow ( 1861-1889), who did much to make American books popular in England. His numerous publications include: "Byron " and "Carlyle" in "English Men of Letters" series; "American Literature, 1620-1880" (1882). He was an ardent advocate of the Northern cause during the Civil War, and visited the United States at the close of the conflict. He died in London, England, Oct. 11, 1894. as follows:
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nik'o-las, the name of five popes and two rulers of Russia. Nicholas I was czar of Russia from 1825 until the time of his death in 1855. He was an unmitigated despot. He forced his nobles to better the condition of the serfs. He required conformity to the rules of the church. The Crimean War was begun during his reign. Nicholas II, the present czar, was crowned in 1894. His reign has been noted thus far for the part he took in the peace conference of the Hague, for a disastrous war with Japan, and for a general uprising of the peasantry in 1905. See Russia
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GRAND-DUKE; born in 1868. Russian General, Commander-in- Chief of the Russian army in the Great War (1914-1918). He was born in the capital city of St. Petersburg. In the Turkish War of 1877-1878 he served with distinction under his father, Grand-Duke Nicholas Nicholaevitch who commanded the Russian army in European Turkey. Later he was placed in command of a regiment, after which he was made Inspector-General of Cavalry. In 1906 he was placed in charge of the St. Petersburg military district, and at the outbreak of the war was called upon to take command of all the Russian armies. After
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ST., Bishop of Myra, in Lycia. He is believed to have lived under Diocletian and Constantine, and to have suffered persecution under the former but little is known of his life. His feast day in the Roman calendar is Dec. 6; he is the patron saint of poor maidens, sailors, travelers, merchants, and children (Santa Klaus), and is one of the most popular saints in the Greek Church. NICHOLAS II. LAND, a group of islands N. of Cape Chelyuskin, Asia. It was discovered in 1913 by Captain Vilkitski. The islands extend about 200 miles to the N. and N. W. to about 81° N., 96° E. The vegetation is scanty and the land is for the most part volcanic. American physicist; born at Leamington, England, 1854. Graduated from Cornell, 1875. Studied at Leipsic, Berlin, and Göttingen (Ph.D. 1879). Appointed to a fellowship in physics, Johns Hopkins. Worked in Edison's laboratory, Menlo Park. Professor of physics and astron- 1881. omy, Central University, Kentucky, 188 Physics and chemistry, U emistry, University University of Kansas, 1883. Professor of physics, Cornell, 1887. Member National Academy of Sciences, and President American Association for Advanced Science, 1907, and of American Physicist Society, 1907- 1918. LL. D. and D. Sc., University of Pennsylvania and Dartmouth.
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ST. the Russian reverses in 1915, he was transferred to the command of the Russian forces in the Caucasus, where he aided both the Persian and British armies in Mesopotamia. After the Russian revolution, and subsequent overthrow of the Romanoffs, in 1917, he was said to have been tried and executed by the Bolsheviki. This report, however, was untrue, and the Grand-Duke escaped the fate of the Czar and the rest of the royal family.
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