Each of these 17 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
two large islands in the Arctic Ocean, n, belonging to Russia, and lying N. from the N. E. corner of European Russia, separated by the narrow strait Matotchkin Shar; length, 635 miles; breadth, 170 miles. The coasts swarm with seals, fish, and water-fowl. The interior is frequented by reindeer, white bears, ermines, and Arctic foxes. It has no permanent inhabitants.
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GUIOMAR, Brazilian pi- Chiafarelli and made her public debut at the age of ten, giving such evidence by the government. Went to Paris, of ability that she was given a subsidy candidates for 12 available places in the 1907, and won first place among 388 Conservatoire. She there studied with Isidore Philipp four years, winning first Paris, London, Germany, Italy and prize. Has appeared with success in United States. Toured United States 1917-1920. VON HARDENBERG, a
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pseudonym of FREDERICK born in Wiederstädt, Prussia, May 2, German writer; 1772. Educated at University of Jena and Leipsic . About the year 1797 he published his "Hymns to Night"; and between that time and the year 1801. produced a number of works displaying a boundless imagination and a love of the mystical and supernatural. In 1800 he published the romance "Henry of Ofterdingen ." A complete collection of his writings was made by his friends Tieck and Frederick Schlegel. He died in Weissenfels , Prussia, March 25, 1801. ince: 60 miles N. of Turin; with sev-
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capital of an Italian proveral fine churches , a trade in silk, grain, and wine, and manufactures of silk, cotton, and linen. Here the Sardinians were utterly defeated by the Vol. VI-Cyc-FF 1849. Pop. about 60,000.
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a city of Russia; capital of a province; on the Volkhof. It is the cradle of Russian history. In 864, according to tradition, Rurik (a Varangian, apparently a Scandinavian), was invited there by the neighboring tribes, and from him begins the history of the country. As early as the 12th century it had become the market of N. E. Europe, was called Novgorod the Great, and had 400,000 inhabitants. Its government was a sort of republic. The greatness of Novgorod provoked rovoked the 1 jealousy of the princes princes of Moscow, and in 1471 the Czar Ivan III. nearly destroyed the town, bereft it of its liberties, and exiled the most influential citizens; and when Archangel was opened for English trading-vessels, but especially after the foundation of St. Petersburg, its trade fell away, and the town rapidly declined. There is considerable trade in corn, flax, and hemp, but few manufactures. Pop. about 28,000.
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a town of Italy, 30 miles N. W. of Genoa. Here in 1799 the French were defeated (Aug. 15), and victorious (Nov. 6).
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or NOVIPAZAR, a town of Serbia on the Rashka river. In the town and vicinity are many ruins. Under the Turkish rule the city was a capital of a sanjak of the same name. It was given back to Turkey in 1909 as partial compensation for the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but during the Balkan War it was occupied in 1912 by Serbia and was finally transferred to that country by the treaties following the conclusion of that war. Pop. about 15,000.
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a city of Russia, the capital of the territory of the Don Cossacks. It is situated on the right bank of the Don river. It has many important educational institutions. Prior to the war distilling was the chief industry. There are important anthracite coal mines near the town. Pop. about 67,000.
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town and fortress in Poland, situated on the junction of the Bug and Vistula rivers, nine miles N. W. of Warsaw, founded by Charles XII. of Sweden. Later it was enlarged by Napoleon. In 1813 it was of much heavy fighting during the World taken over by Russia. It was the scene War, before the fall of Warsaw.
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a city of Russia, a province of the Caucasus. It is a seaport, and prior to the World War carried on extensive trade in grain and naphtha. Pop. about 60,000.
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a city of India, the capital of the state of the same name. Its chief industries are pearl fisheries and the manufacturing of cloth, silk, dye goods, and oils. It has a considerable trade. Pop. about 50,000.
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a town of France; department of Oise, 67 miles N. N. E. of Paris. It has a fine cathedral in the Transition style of the 12th century, a city hall (1485-1523), and a former episcopal palace. The Noviodunum of Cæsar, Noyon was a residence of Charlemagne and Hugo Capet, and the birthplace of Calvin. The town suffered during the World War 1914-1918, being fought over and alternately occupied by Germans and Allies. It was finally recaptured by the French, Aug. 28-29, 1918. Pop. about 7,500.
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province of Chile, inland, bordering on Lenares and Concepcion. Capital, Chillan. Is in part on the slope of the Andes and in part in the fertile valley of Chile. Produces wheat, timber, and has considerable live stock. Vine is largely cultivated. Area, 3,407 square miles. Pop. about 200,000.
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capital of province of Ambos Camarines, Philippines, 11 miles S. of Bay of San Miguel, on the Naja river. Has cathedral, episcopal palace, normal school, seminary, and other fine buildings. Steamers ply between it and Manila, 145 miles away. Founded 1578. Name also of town on Cebu Island. Pop. about 20,000.
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province of Luzon, Philippine Islands. Is mountainous, with dense woods, fertile, producing rice, tobacco, sugar, palay and coffee. Cattle raising is the principal industry. Watered by rivers tributary to the Pampanga, on which steamers ply. Capital, San Isidro. Pop. about 150,000.
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state of Vene zuela, of which the Caribbean island, Margarita, and other islands were constituted in 1901, though since 1904 forms part of Federal district. Consists of two mountainous portions, united by low isthmus. Interior produces maize, sugar, bananas, cotton. Salt and fishing active. Capital, Asunción. Pop. 50,000.
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central province of northern Luzon, Philippine Islands. Valley fertile in rice and tobacco, while raised in the domestic animals are mountainous districts. Tributaries of the Rio Grande de Cagayan water valleys, and there is considerable boat traffic. Pop. about 150,000.
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