Ontario, Lake
Lake, the smallest and the lowest of the Great Lakes of North America . It lies below the Falls of Niagara. It forms a part of the boundary between New York and the province of Ontario. It is oval in shape. The extreme length is about 185 miles; the greatest width, sixty miles. The area is about 7,400 square miles. The surface is 334 feet below that of Lake Erie and 231 feet above sea level. Its greatest depth is 600 feet, which locates the bottom 369 feet below the surface of the Atlantic. The lake is subject to swells and storms that prevent its freezing over in winter. By breaking ice in the harbors in midwinter, navigation is kept open throughout the entire year. There are several good harbors. Toronto, Kingston, Newcastle, and Niagara are the principal Canadian ports. Oswego, Genesee, and Sackett Harbor are the chief ports on the New York side. The lake receives the waters of the upper lakes, through the Niagara, and discharges at its northeast corner by a channel called the Lake of a Thousand Isles through the St. Lawrence. See Niagara ; Welland Canal ; St. Lawrence
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Onychomancy
Divination by the finger-nails. It is practised by watching the reflection of the sun in the nails of a boy, and judging the future by the shape of the figures which show themselves on their surface.
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Onyx Marble
a very beautiful translucent limestone of stalagmitic formation discovered by the French in the province of Oran, Algeria, and first brought into general notice at the London exhibition of 1862. It is used for the manufacture of mantel pieces, urns, and interior decorations, also for small ornaments, such as ink-stands, paper-weights. r-weights. Much Mexican onyx or Tecalli marble is used for these purposes.
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Oolite
in petrology, a variety of limestone, composed of grains, like the roe of a fish, each of which has us h has usually a small fragment of some organism or a grain of a mineral as a nucleus, around which concentric layers of calcareous matter have accumulated. In geology and palæontology, the term is not now generally petrological, but is chiefly chronological, being applied to a certain considerable portion of the Secondary period and to the strata then deposited. Some of the oölite limestones are excellent for building.
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Oolite
A variety of limestone, so called from its being composed of small rounded grains resembling the roe of a fish, cemented together by a calcareous formation. See LIMESTONE.
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Oori
LIMPOPO, or CROCODILE RIVER, a river of S. E. Africa, has its sources in the heart of the Transvaal, between Pretoria and Potchefstrom, describes a huge curve to the N. and joins Indian Ocean a little N. of Delagoa . Its course exceeds 800 miles, and has numerous tributaries, the most important being the Olifant from the right. The Limpopo has been ascended 50 miles by steamboat; but its upper reaches are obstructed by rapids and falls. OOSTERHOUT the province of North Brabant. It con- , a city of Holland, in tains a town hall, a large Roman Catholic church, and a convent. It has manufactories of beet sugar, pottery, shoes, and iron. It has considerable trade in agricultural products and linen. Pop. about 15,000.
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Ooscopy and Comantia
Two methods of divination by eggs. An example under the former name is related by Suetonius, who says, that Livia, when she was anxious to know whether she should be the mother of a boy or girl, kept an egg in her bosom at the proper temperature, until a chick with a beautiful cockscomb came forth. The latter name denotes a method of divining the signs or characters appearing in eggs. The custom of pasche or paste eggs, which are stained with various colours, and given away at Easter, is well known, and is described at considerable length by Brand. The custom is most religiously observed in Russia , where it is derived from the Greek Church . Gilded or coloured eggs are mutually exchanged both by men and women, who kiss one another, and if any coolness existed previously become good friends again on these occasions. The egg is one of the most ancient and beautiful symbols of the new birth, and has been applied to natural philosophy as well as the spiritual creation of man.
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Ootacamund
or UTAKAMAND, the chief town in the Neilgherry Hills, the principal sanatorium of the Madras presidency, and the summer headquarters of the governor of Madras. It stands on a plateau, in an amphitheater surrounded by hills, 7,228 feet above the sea, 350 miles from Madras city, and 24 from the nearest railway station on the Madras line. There are a public library (1859), the Lawrence Asylum (1858) the children of British soldiers, botanical for gardens, the Breeks Memorial and Basel Mission buildings. Pop. 18,829.
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Ooze
. See Globigerina
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Ooze
in geology, a stratum consisting of minute calcareous and siliceous tests derived from various foraminifers, etc., the wreckage of land, with volcanic ash here and there, found on ocean beds. It was discovered in in the Atlantic, where it exists between 5,000 and 15,000 feet in depth, whence it is often called Atlantic ooze; but it occurs also in the Pacific. The ooze is an appropriate habitation for sea lilies, sponges, etc. It is identical with the material of which chalk is composed, and its deposition has gone on from Cretaceous times till now. In tanning, a solution of tannin obtained by infusing or boiling oak bark, sumac, catechu, or other tannin-yielding vegetable; the liquor of a tan-vat.
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Open Door
the principle of equal economic opportunity for all nations in such countries as China, Turkey, etc., where particular nations have attempted in the past to establish monopolies for themselves or their nationals. The prin- P PACKING INDUSTRY. (Packers and Stockyards Regulation Act.) An act regulating foreign and interstate commerce in live stock and its products and prohibiting dealings between packing companies, was passed by Congess January 24, 1921. Suits were instituted by the packers to test the constitutionality of this act, on the ground that the livestock business as conducted in stockyards was not of an interstate character and therefore not subject to federal regulation. The act, however, was declared constitutional by the U. S. Supreme Court, May 1, 1922.
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