Orlando
a city of Florida, the county-seat of Orange co. It is a popular winter resort and is noted for its hunting and fishing. It is the center of an important fruit-growing region. Pop. (1910) 3,894; (1920) 9,282. ORLÉANS (or-lā-an'), a France, capital of the department of the Loiret; on the Loire; 68 miles S. W. of Paris. It has some handsome public squares, Gothic cathedral notable uildings. tery, and woolen goods articles lois of manufacture. erected Orléans into peerage in favor of his son continued to give the title prince of the blood royal. In 1426 the city susta ned a siege against the English, and was relieved by the Maid of Orléans (loan of Arc), whose statue in bronze stands in one of the public squares. It was taken and retaken more than once in the Franco-German War in the latter part of 1870. Pop. about 75,000.
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Orleans, Duke of
(See France .) Ornithomancy is the Greek work for augury, the method of divination by the flight or the song of birds, which, with the Romans, became a part of their national religion, and had a distinct priesthood. For this reason it is treated in a separate article.
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Orloff
a celebrated Russian family, founded under Peter the Great by Ivan Orel, one of the archers or strelitzes, who, when that body was destroyed, saved his life by his cool courage, and be came an officer and a noble. The most celebrated of his descendants were: GREGORY, a Russian general and political intriguer, who greatly promoted the elevation of his mistress, Catherine II., to the throne. Being disappointed in his hope of sharing the crown with her, and declining a private marriage, he was supplanted by a new favorite, and died insane in 1783. He had one son by the empress, named Bobrinski. ALEXIS, his brother, and fellow conspirator, was a man of gigantic stature and strength, and is said to have strangled the Emperor Peter with his own hands. He was a favorite of Catherine, and was married the Princess Tarakanoff, daughter of the Empress Elizabeth; died in 1808. GREGORY VLADIMIROWITZ, a nobleman of the same family, born in 1778, and bearing the title of Count Orloff, was distinguished for his patronage and culture of letters. He was author of "Historical, oirs of Na- Political, and Literary Memoirs ples"; ples"; and "History of the Arts in Italy"; died in 1826. MICHAEL, son of the above Alexis; born in 1785, served in the Russian army against Napoleon I., and went to Paris with the Allies in 1814. ALEXIS, brother of the preceding; born in 1787, distinguished himself as a diplomatist and statesman under Nicholas, and died in 1861.
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Ormuz
or HORMUZ, a small town on the island of Jerun, in the Strait of Ormuz, at the entrance of the Persian Gulf, 4 miles S. of the Persian coast. Three centuries before the Christian era there existed on the mainland, 12 miles E. of the island, a city Ormuz; this in the 13th century was the headquarters of the Persian trade with India. But about the end of the century its ruler transferred his people to the site of the present town, to escape the Mongols. The new city maintained its commercial supremacy even after it passed into the hands of the Portuguese, through Albuquerque's capture of it in 1507. It was taken from the Portuguese in 1622 by an English fleet (Baffin, the Arctic navigato gator, being killed in the action), and given given to Sha Shah Abbas of Persia, who transferred the trade to his port of Bandar Abbas, 12 miles N. W. on the mainland. The Portuguese fort still stands, but the town of Ormuz is a ruin. The island yields salt and sulphur. beneficient deity of the Zoroastrian re-
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Orndorff
WILLIAM RIDGELY, an American chemist, born in Baltimore, in 1862. After studying at Baltimore City College and at Johns Hopkins University, and at several other universities in Germany, he was instructor and assistant professor of chemistry at Cornell University, from 1887 to 1898. He was professor of organic chemistry from 1902. In 1890 he served as special agent of the United States Census, and carried on many important researches in chemical subjects, and was a member of many important American and foreign chemistry societies. He wrote "Laboratory Manual of Organic Chemistry" in 1894. department of France,
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Orne
a formed out of the old provinces of Normandy, Alençon, and Perche; separated from the English Channel on the W. by La Manche and on the N. by Calvados; area, 2,371 square miles; pop. about 300,- 000. A range of wooded hills, nowhere rising above 1,370 feet, extends across the S. of the department from E. to W., separating the streams that flow N. to the English Channel from those that go S. to the Seine and Loire. Though soil is fertile, agriculture is not in an advanced state. Apple and pear trees abound, and more than 22,000,000 lons of cider are made every year. tle and horses of the purest Norman breed are reared. There are cotton hemp spinning, and cotton and linen weaving, dyeing, bleaching, and manufacture of gloves, iron, glass, etc. Fishing and bee keeping are carried on. Capital, Alençon.
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Ornithorhynchus
commonly called duckbill or watermole, in zoology the sole genus of the family. Premaxilla and the mandible expanded anteriorly, and supporting a horny beak; teeth supplied functionally by horny structures; legs short, fitted for swimming feet webbed, each with five well developed toes, armed with large claws, and beyond which, in the forefeet, the interdigital membrane is extended. Tongue not extensile; tail rather short, broad, and depressed; eyes very small; fur close and soft. A single sp species, O. paradoxus, O. anatinus, inhabits Australia and Tasmania. It is aquatic, and feeds on water insects, small mollusca, and worms. The ornithorhynchus, though mammalian in its general structure, is oviparous, laying two eggs at a time. These are about 4 inches in the longer, and 1/2 inches in the shorter diameter.
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Orontes
the ancient name of a OKONTES, river in Syria, now called NAHR-EL-ASI. It rises in the highest part of Cœle-Syria, near Baalbek, flows N. between the mountains of Libanus, as far as the city of Antioch, and then W. to the Mediterranean Sea, through a total course of 147 miles.
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