Orczy
BARONESS (MRS. MON- BARSTOW), Hungarian play- B wright and novelist, born in in Tarnaörs, Hungary, educated in Brussels, studied art and exhibited in England, where she married Montagu Barstow. Began writing in 1900, and first became known for her brilliant detective stories, known as "The Old Man in the Corner" Series. Among her best known works are: "The Scarlet Pimpernel" (1905); "A Son of the People" (1906); "Flower o' the Lily" (1918); and "His Majesty's Well-Beloved" (1919).
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Ordeal Tree
in botany: Of tively of the second, third, etc., orders. In natural science, the designation given to the division immediately below a class or sub-class and next above a tribe or a family. In rhetoric, the placing of words and members ir a sentence in such a manner as to contribute to force and beauty of expression, or to the clear illustration of the subject.
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Orders
MILITARY, fraternities or societies of men banded together in former times for military and partly for patriotic or Christian purposes. Free birth and an irreproachable life were the conditions of admission. The chief were the Templars, the Teutonic Knights, and the order of St. John of Jerusalem.
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Orders in Council
orders issued by the British sovereign on the advice of the privy council . The council is composed of an indefinite number of gentlemen whom the sovereign may call together in consultation. It may or may not include the members of the cabinet. Unless contrary to law, an order in council is binding upon all British subjects. The authority of the council is less than formerly. The privy council, it may be remembered, ordered the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots. In American history, Orders in Council refer especially to a proclamation of May 16, 1806, forbidding ships to trade on the coast of Europe from the Elbe to Brest in France, and to a second order, made November 11, 1807, forbidding all trade with France. The orders were military measures taken to annoy France, but they interfered with the rights of American merchants and were among the causes that brought on the War of 1812. The entire government of the czar of Russia is based on a system of orders in council. Ordinance of 1787. See Northwest Territory
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Ordinate
in analytical geometry, the ordinate of a point is one of the elements of reference, by means of which the position of a point is determined with respect to fixed straight lines, taken as co-ordinate axes. The ordinate of a point to a diameter of a conic section is the distance of the point from that diameter, measured on a line parallel to a tangent drawn at the vertex of the diameter. The ordinate to a diameter is equal to half the chord through the point which is bisected by the diameter.
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Ordovician
a name sometimes given to a geological formation intermediate between Cambrian and Silurian; otherwise accounted the Lower Silurian strata. It is so called from the Ordovices, an ancient British tribe.
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Ordway
SAMUEL HANSON, an American lawyer, born in New York uate course in Harvard. He was admitted to the bar in 1884, and from that time practiced law in New York City. He was a member of many important Governor Hughes to investigate speculation in securities and commodities. Active in civil service reform work and for years chairman of the executive committee of the Civil Service Reform Association. He wrote many articles and delivered many addresses on civics and economics.
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Oregon
UNIVERSITY OF, a coeducational non-sectarian institution in Eugene, Ore.; founded in 1872; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 118; students, 1,960; president, P. L. Campbell.
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Orel
the capital of the province of the same name in Russia. It is on Oka river, about 240 miles S. of Moscow. There are several schools and a theological seminary. It is the seat of a bishop and contains several cathedrals. The chief manufactories are candles, oil, and flour. The city was founded in 1564. Pop. about 100,000.
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Orel
taining 12 districts. It has an area of a government of Russia, con- 18,042 square miles. In the eastern part land. In the west the soil is sandy and large area of agricultural ill adapted for agriculture. Stock raising is the most important industry. There are immense forests which produce timber, tar, and pitch. There are manufactories of iron rails, glass, flour, and hemp products. Pop. about 900,000. Capital Orel.
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Orenburg
a town of European Russia (Tartar-Bashkir Republic) on the Ural river; 727 miles E. S. E. of Moscow. Founded (1743) as a frontier fortress, it is now of importance for its commerce only; it imports cotton, silk stuffs, cattle, hides, etc., from Bokhara, Khiva, and Tashkend. Corn, metals, sugar, woven goods are the principal exports. The town possesses an arsenal and two military schools. Pop. about 150,000.
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Orenda
A magical force. (See American Indians.)
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Orfah
OORFA, or URFA (ancient Edessa) a fortified town of Asiatic Turkey, 78 miles S. W. of Diarbekr. It is well built, and has a considerable trade with North Syria and Mesopotamia. It is supposed to be the site of the "Ur of the Chaldees," mentioned in Scripture. Pop. about 30,000, mostly Mohammedans.
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Organdie
a fine, gauzy, cotton fabric of a crispy texture. It is woven plain or in stripes and checks. Organdie is frequently printed in flower designs or dyed in plain colors. It is used for women's summer gowns, party dresses, etc.
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Organic Chemistry
the chemistry of the carbon compounds in which the hydrogen or nitrogen of the substance is directly united with carbon.
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Organic Radical
a group of atoms containing one or more atoms of carbon, of which one or more bonds are unsatisfied. ORGANOTHERAPY. The branch of medical science using animal organs and their extracts for healing purposes. The use of animal tissues as medicines is as old almost as authentic history, and the belief in their efficacy prevailed among almost all races, though their early use was largely superstitious. But modern gun in the middle of the last century with the discovery of Brown-Sequard that the glands of the body furnish blood with useful principles. From time almost every gland and tissue the body has been investigated in, recent years the grafting afting of glands from animals into the human body has been accompanied by enthusiastic claims. While progress in the study has added substances of value to our therapeutic resources thyroid extract and adrenaline, for example-the differences and antagonisms between animal and human tis sues, and similar elusive principles have kept organotherapy still in the experimental stage.
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