Oswald
ST., king of Northumbria, son of the conquering Ethelfrith of Bernicia and of Acha, sister of the brave Edwin of Deira. He fought his way to the throne by the defeat, at Heavenfield near Hexham (635), of Cædwalla, the Welsh king, who had aided Penda to crush Edwin at Hatfield two years before. Under the reign of Edwin he had found shelter in Scotland, and been converted to Christianity at Hii or Iona; and now, when he was hailed king of the whole of Northumberland, he established Christianity with the help of St. Aidan, who settled on Holy Island. Oswald was acknowledged as overlord by all the kingdoms save those subject to . Penda He fell fighting against his enemy at Maserfield (Oswestry) in 642.
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Oswego
a city and county-seat of Oswego co., N. Y.; on the Oswego river, the Oswego canal, and the New York, Ontario and Western, the Lackawanna, and the New York Central railroads: 36 miles N. of Syracuse. The city has two harbors, one at the immediate mouth of the river and one in Lake Ontario. It is a terminus of the New York State Barge Canal. It contains a State Normal School, United States Government building, Gerritt Smith library, orphan asylum, public hospital, high school, electric light and street railroad plants, National and savings banks, and several daily and weekly newspapers. There are manufactories of boilers and engines, tools, pumps, automobile parts, hosiery, matches, starch, etc. Oswego has regular steamboat communication with the cities of the Great Lakes; imports about $1,400,000, and exports, $4,000,000. Pop. (1910) 23,368; (1920) 23.626.
FORT, an old French fort, on the site built site of the present city Oswego, N. Y., by Count Frontenac, about 1696. Fort Ontario, however, was built on the opposite side of the Oswego river in 1755, and at once took the precedence. Both forts were the scenes of considerable fighting during the French and Revolutionary Wars, and once in 1814.
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Oswego River
a river in New York formed by the junction of the Seneca and Oneida rivers 12 miles N. W. of Syracuse. It is 24 miles long.
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Oswego Tea
a name given to several species of Monarda, particularly M. purpurea, M. didyma, and M. kalmiana, natives of North America, because of the occasional use of an infusion of the dried leaves as a beverage, said to be useful in intermittents and as a stomachic. Some other species of Monarda are used in the same way, and the three species named are not uncommonly cultivated in gardens for ornament.
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Oswestry
a thriving market town and municipal borough of Shropshire, England, 18 miles N. W. of Shrewsbury. It has an old parish church, restored in 1872; a fragment of the Norman castle of Walter Fitzalan, progenitor of the royal Stewarts; and a 15th century grammar school. Oswestry derives its name from St. Oswald, who was slain here.
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Otago
one of the provincial districts of New Zealand, including the whole of the S. part of South Island, S. of the districts of Canterbury and Westland, being surrounded on the other three sides by the sea; area, about 15,000,000 acres. The interior is mountainous; many peaks attain the height of from 3,000 to 9,000 feet, but there is much pastoral land; the N. E. consists of extensive plains. Otago, though it possesses valuable gold fields, is chiefly a pastoral and agricultural district, second only to Canterbury in wheat production. Coal has been found in abundance. Otago was founded in 1848 by the Scotch Free Church Association; it is now the most populous division of the colony. The capital is Dunedin; the next town in importance is Oamaru. Pop. Otago portion about 135,- 000; Southland portion about 65,000.
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Otalgia
neuralgia of the ear. Its causes and treatment are those of neuralgia generally, but it is particularly caused by caries of the teeth.
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Otomis
a tribe of Mexican Indians, and one of the oldest nations in the mountainous regions of the plateau. They were agriculturists and had some knowledge of the manufacture of cloth and ornaments of gold and copper. During the siege of Mexico they came to the assistance of Cortez (in 1521), and have ever since been nominally in subjection to the whites. They accepted the Catholic faith, but have made little progress in civilization. Their descendants, about 200,000, mostly live in the mountains of Querétaro, Guanajuato and Hidalgo. They speak Spanish and Mexican.
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Otranto
a town in the extreme S. E. of Italy, 29 miles S. E. of Lecce, and on the Strait of Otranto, 45 miles from the coast of Albania on the opposite side. During the later period of the Roman empire, and all through the Middle Ages, it was the chief port of Italy on the Adriatic, whence passengers took ship for Greece -having in this respect supplanted the famous Brundusium of earlier times; but its port is now in decay.
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Ottawa University
a coeducaand was incorporated under its present name in 1854. It was selected by Queen tional institution in Ottawa, Kan.; Victoria as the capital of Canada, in founded in 1865 under the auspices of 1858. Pop. (1911) 87,062; (1920) 127,the Baptist Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 22; students, 186; president, S. E. Price, OTTAWA, city and county-seat of La- D. D. salle co., Ill.; at the confluence of the
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Otterbein University
a coeducational institution in Westerville, O.; founded in 1847 under the auspices of the United Brethren; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 25; students, 474; president, W. G. Clippinger.
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Otterburn
a township of England, Northumberland county, 20 miles N. N. W. of Hexham. About half a mile from the village is an obelisk marking the spot where Earl Douglas fell in the battle of Chevy Chase, in 1388. OTTERY ST. MARY, a town of Devonshire, on the river Otter, 11 miles E. of Exeter. Twice the scene of a great conflagration, in 1767 and 1866, it retains its magnificent collegiate church, a reduced copy of the cathedral of Exeter, with the only other transeptal towers in England. Begun about 1260 by Bishop Bronescombe, it is Early English, decorated, and perpendicular in style and was restored by Butterfield in 1849-1850. The old King's grammar school was demolished in 1884. Alexander Barclay was a priest here; Coleridge was a a native; and "Clavering" in "Pendennis" is Ot- St. Mary tery St. Mary, the Devonshire residence of Thackeray's stepfather. Silk shoe laces, handkerchiefs, and Honiton lace are manufactured. OTTOMAN EMPIRE. See TURKEY.
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