Oxenstjerna
AXEL, COUNT, a Swedish statesmen; born in Fanö, Sweden, June 16, 1583, studied theology at COUNT AXEL OXENSTJERNA Rostock, Wittenberg, and Jena; and in 1609 returned to Sweden and entered the service of Charles IX. In 1608 he was admitted into the senate; and on the accession of Gustavus Adolphus, in 1611, was made chancellor. He accompanied Gustavus Adolphus during his campaigns in Germany; and on the fall of his master at Lützen (1632) was recognized, at a congress assembled at Heilbronn, as the head of the Protestant League. This league was held together and supported solely by his influence and wisdom, and in 1636 he returned to Sweden, laid down his extraordinary powers, and took his seat in the senate as chancellor of the kingdom and one of the five guardians of the queen. He died in Stockholm,
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Oxford Clay
in geology, a bed of clay, sometimes 600 feet thick, underlying the Coral Rag, and the accompanying sandy beds of the Middle Oölite. Corals are absent, but Ammonites and Belemnites abound. Remains of Ichthyalso osaurus, Plesiosaurus, etc., are found. OXFORD, EARL OF. See WALPOLE. OXFORD, UNIVERSITY OF, an English university that lays claim to great antiquity, tradition assigning its foundation to King Alfred in 879. The_earliest charter was granted by King John, and its privileges were confirmed and extended by subsequent monarchs, the act by which it was created a corporate body having been passed during reign of Elizabeth in 1570. The ber of colleges established are 21, University ( founded, 1249); ( 1263); Merton ( 1274); Exeter ( 1314 Oriel ( 1326); Queen's ( 1340); (1379); Lincoln (1427); All Soul's 1,300 miles. (1437); Magdalen (1458); Brasenose (1509); Corpus Christi (1516); Christ Church (1526); Trinity (1554); St. John's (1555); Jesus (1571); Wadham (1610); Pembroke (1624); Worcester (1714); Keble (1870); and Hertford (1874). There are colleges, not incorporated, viz.: Magdalen, St. Edmund's, New Inn, and St. Alban's. St. Mary's, Attached to the university is the Bod- Library, founded by Sir Thomas Bodley, containing about 500 leian 500,000 printed volumes, and more than 30,000 valuable MSS. Practically the entire student body volunteered for service in the World War, and the university was used for war activities of many sorts.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Oxfordshire
co. of England vided from Berkshire by the Thames, and adjoining Gloucestershire and the counties of Warwick, ampton, and Buckingham. The area, which totals 751 square miles, is divid- to the liquid state. ed outside the towns between forest, agriculture and pasture land, this last dominating. The social life is at Oxford, which is the capital. farming is one of the industries, the manufactures include shoes, blankets and farming utensils. about 200,000.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Oxide
the product of the combination of oxygen with a metal or metalloid.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Oxide, Carbonic
When a mixture of purified charcoal and oxide of iron or zinc is exposed to a strong heat in an iron retort, the metallic oxide is gradually reduced, and during the reduction a great quantity of gas is evolved. This gas is a mixture of carbonic-acid gas and another gas, which burns with a blue flame and is called carbonic oxide. See GAS; OXYGEN.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding
Oxides
Important: Safety Warning
This page describes trade processes that use dangerously toxic materials such as cyanide solutions, mercury amalgams, or strong acids. These processes require training, equipment, and precautions far beyond what the text describes.
This information has been left in for historical purposes but should not be acted upon.
Substances combined with oxygen without being in a state of acid. The metallic oxides are the most important, and occur naturally as abundant and valuable ores. See METALS; ORES; REDUCTION OF ORES; OXYGEN. Oxidized Metal is silver or other metal subjected to a process of dipping into a boiling solution of hyposulphite of soda or ammonium sulphide, continuing the process until the required degree of discoloration has taken place. It may then be varnished with non-transparent varnish consisting of alcohol 18, red arsenic 3, castoroil 1. See DIPPING; LACQUERING; STAINING METALS.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding
Oxlip
in botany, Primula elatior; resembles the cowslip, but has the calyx teeth accuminate, the corolla pale yellow instead of buff, the limb concave, the throat without folds.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Oxus
AMOO, AMOO-DARIA, or JIHOON, a large river in Central Asia, which has its sources between the Thian Shan and Hindu Kush ranges in the elevated region known as the Pamir, flows W. through a broad valley, receiving many affluents, and N. W. through the deserts of W. Turkestan, bordering on or belonging to Bokhara and Khiva, to the S. extremity of the Sea of Aral, where it forms an extensive marshy delta. The principal head-stream of the the Oxus is by some considered to be the which rises in a lake of num- Panja river, viz.:- the Great Pamir, at a height of 13,900 Balliol feet. The Oxus for a. considerable dis- ); tance forms the boundary between New Afghanistan and Bokhara. Total course,
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Oxyhydrogen Blowpipe
An apparatus for burning oxygen and hydrogen together to produce very high temperature. Now extensively used for melting platinum and other metals. The oxygen and hydrogen pass through separate tubes and mix at the mouth of the jet, producing the most intense heat known.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding
Oxyrhynchus
a Egyptian fish, sacred to the goddess Athor, and represented in sculptures and on coins. It was anciently embalmed.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Oyama
IWAO, PRINCE. A Japanese general. He was born in 1842 at Kagoshima, and studied the military art in Europe, supporting the throne in the rebellion of 1877. In 1885 he became minister with war portfolio in the Japanese cabinet and commanded the Second Army in the China War. He was made field-marshal in 1898, and in the war with Russia was commander-inchief of the Japanese forces that fought at Shoho and Mukden. Oyama was in Europe during the Franco-German War, and he had made a thorough study of Moltke's methods, and these methods he applied with entire success both at Liao- Yang and Mukden. He was made prince in 1907.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Oyer and Terminer
the name of courts of criminal jurisdiction in the United States, generally held at the same time with the court of quarter sessions, and by the same judges, and which have power, as the terms imply, to hear and determine all treasons, felonies, and misdemeanors committed within their jurisdiction.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Oyster Catcher
in ornithology, Hæmatopus ostralegus, a handsome European bird, about 16 inches long, common on flat, sandy coasts. The head, neck, throat, scapularies, quill feathers, and latter half of the tail feathers are deep glossy black, the rest of the plumage pure white. The bill, about three inches long, is a rich ruddy color, deepest at the OYSTER CATCHER base; very much compressed, with a wedge-like termination. Oyster catcher is a misnomer, for the bird feeds mostly on mussels and limpets, though it frequently takes to the water in search of food. The bird seems to lay its head sideways on the ground, and then, grasping the limpet's shell close to the rock between the mandibles, uses them as scissor-blades to cut off the mollusk from its sticking place. Also any of the several American species of wading birds of the genus Hæmatopus.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia