Oberlin
a town in Lorain co., O.; on the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroad; 34 miles W. S. W. of Cleveland. Here are the well-known Oberlin College, a school of telegraphy, business college, conservatory of music, National and State banks, electric lights, public and college libraries, and weekly and monthly periodicals.
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Oberon
o'be-ron, in medieval mythology, the king of the fairies. He appears in the legends of King Arthur, where he is represented as the son of Morgan le Fay. Shakespeare introduces Oberon into his comedy, A Midsummer Night's Dream .
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Obi
o'be, a great river of western Siberia. Its sources lie in the Altai Mountains. The general course is northerly. It empties into the Gulf of Obi. Its lower course is frozen solid during the winter season. The Obi drains a basin of 920,000 square miles. In this respect it is the fifth river in the world. With its branches it has 9,000 miles of navigable waters. Though there are but few steamers at present, geographers expect that the river will one day be of commercial importance, and that the valley will become one of the great food-producing regions of the world.
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Oboe
a wind instrument of the reed kind, which at a very early date took its place as one of the essential instruments of the orchestra. It consists of a tube, made of box, ebony, or cocoawood, about 21 inches long, narrow at the top, but gradually widening toward the lower end or bell, and divided into three pieces or joints. In the upper and middle ends are holes, by stopping or opening which with the fingers, the natural scale is formed, the intermediate semitones being produced by means of the keys, of which some hautboys have but two, while others have 15, and more. Its range of available notes extends from B to Gin alto. The tone of the hautboy is rich and sweet. This term is also given by organ builders to a reed stop similar in shape and sound to the real hautboy.
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Obongo
or ABONGO, a tribe of pigmies who live in different parts of French Kongo in west Africa. They are between four and five feet in height, are of a brown color, and have bushy hair which grows over their bodies as well as their heads. They are nomadic, follow fishing and hunting, and build conical grass huts. Mexican
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Obregon
ALVARO, a general, born in 1880 in the state of Sonora. After he had obtained a scientific education he began his career as a successful farmer in 1902. In 1912 he recruited a force of Yaqui Indians and assisted Madero in gaining control of Mexico. His sympathy with the peons led him to espouse the cause of Carranza against Huerta in 1913, and again with Carranza against Villa in 1915. During these wars Obregon forged to the front as the ablest leader of the Constitutionalist armies, and due to his generalship Villa was defeated and forced into flight as an outlaw. After 1915 he co-operated with Carranza in his effort to pacify Mexico, and finally became a candidate for the Presidency of Mexico to succeed Carranza. Charging that the President was using unfair methods to defeat him in favor of his own candidate, Obregon revolted, and in May, 1920, drove Carranza from the capital. He was elected President of Mexico in October and inaugurated in December, 1920.
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Obsidian
a glassy stone of volcanic origin. It varies in color from black to brown and red, or gray. Some specimens are almost as transparent as glass. The precious stone known as cat's-eye is a variety of obsidian. There is a huge cliff of obsidian in the Yellowstone National Park . New Zealand and Hungary are noted for it. There are obsidian quarries in California. When struck with a hammer it chips by what is known as a conchoidal or shell fracture into spreading semicircular chips with sharp edges. The ancient Mexicans took advantage of this property to manufacture obsidian knives, arrow heads, and points for their spears.
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Occleve
Thomas, an English poet of the fifteenth century. His chief work was a Latin poem, De Regimine Principium. He was the author also of a hymn, Mother of God, which was attributed at one time to Chaucer.
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Occultations
eclipses, strictly, though the latter term is confined by usage to the obscuration of the sun by the moon, and of the moon by the earth's shadow, while the former is restricted to the eclipses of stars or planets by the moon. Occultations are phenomena of frequent occurrence; they are confined to a belt of the heavens about 10° 17½' W., situated parallel to, and on both sides of, the equinoctial, and extending to equal distances N. and S. of it, being the belt within which the moon's orbit lies. These phenomena serve as data for the measurement of the moon's parallax; and they are also occasionally employed in the calculation of longitudes. As the moon moves in her orbit from W. to E., the occultation of a star is made at the moon's E. limb, and the star emerges on the W. limb. When a star is occulted by the dark limb of the moon (a phenomenon which can only occur between new moon and full moon) it appears to an observer as if it were suddenly extinguished, and this appearance is most deceptive when the moon is only a few days old. When an occultation occurs between full moon and new moon, the reappearance of the star at the outer edge of the dark limb produces an equally startling effect.
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Ocean Grove
a city of New Jersey in Monmouth co., 54 miles S. of New York City. It is situated on the Pennsylvania and the Central of New Jersey railroads. It adjoins Asbury Park on the S. It is the locality of the annual camp meeting under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and it is controlled largely by the campmeeting association. There are certain important public buildings, including the Auditorium, postoffice, and school. The permanent population is 2,500, which is increased in the summer months to over 25,000.
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