Oceania
a name sometimes given to the fifth division of the globe, comprising all the islands which intervene between the S. E. shores of the continent of Asia and the W. shores of America. It naturally divides itself into three great sections-the Malay Archipelago, Australasia or Melanesia, and Polynesia.
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Oceanides
. See Nereids
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Oceanus, Oenone, Olympia, Opus, Orthia & Orthrus
Oceanus A powerful deity of the sea, son of Coelus and Terra. He married Tethys, the Oceanides being their children. Oenone Daughter of the river-god Cebren, and wife of Paris, before he carried off Helen. Olympia Celebrated games which received their name either from Olympia, where they were observed, or from Jupiter Olympius, to whom they were dedicated. Opus A town of Locris, from which the Opuntian Locrians derived their name. It was the birthplace of Patroclus . Orthia A surname of Artemis at Sparta , at whose altar the Spartan boys had to undergo the flogging called diamastigosis. Orthrus The two-headed dog of Geryones.
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Ocellus
plural OCELLI, in entomology and zoology, a spot within a ring of another color, like the pupil within the iris, except that the central spot is often surrounded by additional concentric zones. Example, the ocelli on the tail coverts of the peacock, and those on the wings of the peacock-butterfly. Ocelli, the simple eyes or stemmata of insects, generally situated on the crown of the head between the great compound eyes. Used also of the simple eyes of spiders, crustaceans, mollusks, etc.
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Ochs
ADOLPH S., an American newspaper publisher, born in Cincinnati, O., 1858; educated in the public schools of K Knoxville, Tenn., where, after finishing his schooling, he began his business career by selling newspapers. Later he apprenticed himself to a printer and became a compositor on a local newspaper. In 1878 he ventured into the newspaper publishing field himself, acquiring ownership of the Chattanooga "Times," of which he is still the proprietor. In 1896 he purchased the New York "Times." He was also a director of the Associated Press.
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Ochtman
LEONARD. Artist. Born at Zonnemaire, Zeeland, Holland, 1854, he was brought by his family to the United States at the age of 12 to reside at Albany, N. Y. His first work was a draughtsman in an engraving office, after which he had a studio for a couple of years, developing his talent in landscapes. He studied also for a time at the N. Y. Art Student's League, later traveling in Europe. Since 1882 he has exhibited at the National Academy of Design and elsewhere, and won many awards, including two gold medals at St. Louis. His moonlight scenes such as "Night on the Miamee River" are among his best.
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Oclawaha
a river of Florida, which after a very winding course of 275 miles flows into the St. John, about 25 miles S. of Palatka. Its banks are densely wooded, and the country so flat that the waters extend into the forest for a distance on either side.
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Ocmulgee
a river rising in the central part of Georgia, running in a S. S. E. direction, passing the town of Macon, and ultimately uniting with the Oconee to form the Altamaha river, length about 200 miles.
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Oconee
a river in Georgia, which rises in Hall co., and unites with the Ocmulgee to form the Altamaha at Colquitt; is navigable about 100 miles.
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Ocracoke Inlet
an inlet of North Carolina, forming a passage into Pamlico Sound, 22 miles S. W. of Cape Hatteras. geometry, a polygon of eight angles or sides. A'
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Octagon
in A regular octagon is an octagon all of whose sides sides and angles are respectively equal to each other.
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Octahedron
in geometry, a solid contained by eight equal and equilateral angles. It is one of the five regular bodies.
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Octans
the constel lation surrounding and including the South Pole of the heavens, and one of the 14 added to the heavens by Lacaille in connection with his work at the Cape of Good Hope. Its brightest star is of the 3.8 magnitude. The star Sigma Octantis, of the 5.8 magnitude, lies at present within about 4° of the South Pole, nearer than any equally bright star to the North Pole, and it is much used in the Southern Hemisphere for the determination of the azimuth of transit instruments. The constellation is sur- OCTOPUS rounded by Hydrus, Mensa, Chameleon, Musca, Triangulum australis, Apus, Pavo, Indus, and Tucana. See TRANSIT IN- STRUMENT.
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Octavo
the size of one leaf of a sheet of paper, which has been folded so as to make eight leaves; hence, applied to a book printed with eight leaves to the sheet. It is generally written 8vo, and varies in size according to the sizes of paper employed; as, foolscap octavo (or 8vo), imperial octavo (or 8vo), etc.
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Octopus
in zoölogy, the typical genus of the family Octopodidæ. The body is oval, warty, or cirrose, finless; eight long arms, suckers in two rows mantle supported in front by the bran chial septum. In the male the third right arm is hectocotylized. Found on the coasts of the temperate and tropical zones. Forty-six species are known, varying in length from one inch to more twelve The females oviposit on seaweeds or in empty shells. In some parts of the world, including Italy and Asia Minor, they are used as food.
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Od Force
(See Emanations .)
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Odd Fellow
a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, a secret fraternal society instituted in England in the 18th century, and now having extensive lodges in Great Britain, Australia, Denmark, Switzerland, the United States, etc. Its organization is in lodges and encampments, grand lodges, grand encampments, and the Sovereign Grand Lodge of the World, and good moral character and belief in a Supreme Being are the requisite for membership. The first lodge in the United States was established in 1819; the grand lodges of the United States reported in 1914 a membership of 1,508,791. Pennsylvania, 137,751; New York, 126,294; Illinois, 105,062; Ohio, 87,788; Indiana, 87,044, etc. The Rebekah lodges admit to membership female relatives of the male members. There is also an organization of colored Odd Fellows, entitled the "Grand United Order of Ódd Fellows of America." Canada and the maritime provinces have a membership of 100,305. Australia, 45,300. The largest body is the Manchester Unity of Odd Fellows with a membership throughout the British Empire of 950,000. In the east, including South America, 18 Grand Lodges have been started among 22 nationalities, provinces and territories. In Europe lodges were founded in Germany 1876, Denmark 1878, Netherlands 1877, Switzerland 1871. In Cuba 1883, Mexico 1882.
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