Pretoria
the capital of the former South African Republic (Transvaal), since 1910 the seat of government of the Union of South Africa. Pretoria was founded in 1855 by the Boer leader Pretorius. It owes its prosperity chiefly to the gold mines of Johannesburg, 30 miles distant. Pop. about 65,000.
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Preveza
or PREVISA, a fortified town formerly in the extreme S. W. of European Turkey, now belonging to Greece; on the N. side of the entrance to the Gulf of Arta. It exports valonia acorns, wool, cotton, and oil. The Venetians held the town from 1683 to 1797. One year later Ali Pasha drove out the French garrison and plundered the place. Pop. about 7,500. PRÉVOST, EUGENE MARCEL, a French novelist; born in Paris, May 1, 1862. His first story, "The Scorpion" (1887), the tragic history of a clerical tutor in a Jesuit school, made a deep impression because of the fine psychological insight and intimate knowledge of the priestly life it displayed. Among his works are "Our Helpmate: Provincials and Parisiennes" (1885); "Chonchette" (1888); "Mlle. Jaufre" (1889); "Women's Letters" (1892); "A Woman's Autumn" (1893); "The Mill at Nazareth" (1894); "The Demi-Virgins" (1894); "Les Verges Fortes" (1901); "Monsieur et Madame Moloch" (1906); "Lettres à Françoise Mariée" (1910); etc.
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Priamus
The last king of Troy, the son of Laomedon, by Strymo, called Placia by some writers. He married Arisba, whom he divorced in order to marry Hecuba , by whom he had a number of children, the most celebrated of whom were Hector , Paris, Deiphobus , Helenus, Laodice, and Cassandra . After he had reigned some time Priam was anxious to recover his sister Hesione , who had been carried into Greece by Hercules , and to achieve this he manned a fleet, the command of which he gave to his son Paris, who, instead of obeying the paternal instructions, carried away Helen, the wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta. This caused the Trojan war, which lasted for ten years. At the end of the war Priam was slain by Neoptolemus, the son of Achilles. Probus, M. Aurelius. A native of Pannonia. His father was a gardener, who became a military tribune. His son obtained the same office on the twenty-second year of his age, and distinguished himself so much by his probity and valor that he was invested with . the imperial purple. He encouraged the arts, and by his victories added to the glory of his country. He was slain by his soldiers in the fiftieth year of his age, B. C. 282.
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Pribilof Islands
a group of islands on the coast of Alaska, in Bering Sea. The largest are St. Paul, St. George, Walrus, and Beaver Islands. They are frequented by numbers of fur seals. The natives are Aleutians.
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Pribram
a mining town of Bohemia, 48 miles S. S. W. of Prague, with important lead and silver mines, and various manufactures. There is a mining academy, and a church much frequented by pilgrims. Pop. about 14,000.
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Price (RICHARD an English philosopher)
RICHARD, an English philosopher; born in Tynton, Glamorganshire, Feb. 22, 1723. He was a Dissenting minister, friend of Benjamin Franklin, and sympathized warmly with the American colonists. His tables of vital statistics and calculations of expectancy of life were the basis of modern annuities and life insurance. His principal writings are: "An Appeal to the Public on the Subject of the National Debt" (1771); "Civil Liberty and the Justice and Policy of the War with America" (1776); "The American Revolution and the Means of Rendering It a Benefit to the World" (1784). He died April 19, 1791.
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Price (STERLING an American military)
STERLING, an American military officer; born in Prince Edward co., Va., Sept. 11, 1809. Settled in Missouri in 1831; was elected to Congress in 1844; served in the Mexican War as colonel and Brigadier-General of volunteers; was military governor of Chihuahua in 1847; governor of Missouri in 1853-1857, and president of the State Convention in February, 1861. When the Civil War broke out he joined the Confederate army, and became Major- General in May, 1861. Was commander of the Department of the W. in 1862. and afterward of the districts of Tennessee and Trans-Mississippi. He died in St. E Louis, Mo., Sept. 29, 1867.
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Pricker
A moulder's tool with which to pierce the sand to permit the escape of steam and gas. See VENTWIRE; VENTING. Prickers on Plates.--These are frequently called dabbers or prods by moulders. If the plate to be used for covering a loam-mould is only to form a plain surface, the prickers need only be long enough to carry as much sand as will prevent the heat from damaging the plate when the mould is cast. In the event of projections of loam or sand having to be sustained safely, the prickers are made long enough to reach such projections. The method of forming prickers is by thrusting a pricker-pattern into the sand to the required depth, after the outer edges of the plate have been formed, the bed having been previously prepared to the required density to receive it. See LOAM-MOULDING; PLATE; COVERING-PLATE.
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Prickly Ash
a name given to several prickly shrubs of the United States.
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Prickly Heat
a skin disease, characterized by minute papulæ formed by the hyperæmia of the sweat follicles.
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Pride
THOMAS, an English mili- Cromwell's soldiers; born in London of tary officer; one of the most resolute of humble origin. He commanded a brigade under Cromwell in Scotland, and, when the House of Commons betrayed a disposition to effect a settlement with the king, was appointed by the army to purge it of its Presbyterian royalist members. The House, reduced to about 80 members, brought the king to justice. ' Colonel Pride sat among his judges, and signed the death-warrant. He died Oct. 23,1658.
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Prie-Dieu
a kneeling desk for prayers.
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Priene
anciently one of the 12 cities of Ionia; stood a little N. W. of the mouth of the Meander in Caria.
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Priest
one who in any religion performs the sacred rites and, more or less, intervenes between the worshiper and his God, especially by offering sacrifice. In the Anglican Church, a clergyman in priest's orders, as distinguished from a deacon. Only a priest can administer the Holy Communion and read the Absolution. In the Roman Church, a cleric who has received the third grade grade in holy orders, and who is thereby empowered to "offer, bless, rule, preach, and baptize."
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