Single-source entries: P (18)

Patricia

a district of the Province of Ontario, Canada. It has an area of 14,400 square miles. The district was added to the Province in 1912.

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Patrician

a Roman senator; a person of noble birth; a nobleman; a wealthy noble. Also one who is familiar with the writings of the early fathers of the Church; one versed in patristic learning. The Roman patricians consisted of about 300 gentes, houses, or clans, who, descending from the first Roman senators, constituted the aristocracy of the city and territory. At first the patricians monopolized all high offices in the state, but after political contests with the plebeians, lasting for centuries, Licinius (365 B. c.) carried his rogation, by which plebeians were admitted to the consulate and to the custody of the Sibylline books.

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Patrick

ST., or PATRICIUS, the apostle or patron saint of Ireland; said to have been born near the site of Kilpatrick, Scotland. His zeal prompted him to cross the channel for the conversion of the pagan Irish, probably between 440-460. His endeavors were crowned. with great success, and he established there a number of schools and monasteries. Nennius states that his missions continued 40 years and various miracles are attributed to him, particularly the expulsion of all venomous creatures from Ireland. The order of St. Patrick, the third in rank of British orders, was instituted in 1783.

MARY MILLS, educator and author. She was born at Canterbury, N. H., in 1850, and graduated from Iowa State University in 1890, immediately becoming head of the American College for Girls in Constantinople. After two years in that city she resided in different parts of Europe and took a philosophical degree at Berne. Henceforth she devoted her time to philosophical studies and wrote several books, among them: "American Translation of a Text-Book of Physiology"; "Sappho and the Island of Lesbos."

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Patrick, Saint

Saint, the patron saint of Ireland. He lived about 396-469. The name is Latin, signifying patrician. According to one tradition he was born near the present town of Dumbarton, Scotland, where his father was evidently a man of some standing, a deacon in the Roman garrison. Patrick was captured by a marauding expedition of Irish Picts and sold into slavery in Ireland. Here he led a hard life, but succeeded after a time in escaping. He then, according to the popular account, fitted himself for the priesthood in France and at Rome, where he obtained permission from Pope Celestine to return to Ireland to convert the natives to Christianity. He left two pieces of writing; one, a so-called Confession, is a defense of his work in Ireland and is in a way autobiographical. In reality, beyond the fact that he was one of the earliest, if not the first priest to preach Christianity to the Irish, little is known regarding the details of his life. The popular saying that St. Patrick drove the snakes out of Ireland is peculiar, as snakes never existed in that island. All accounts seem to imply that St. Patrick was not an Irishman at all, but a man of Roman ancestry, born in Scotland,-a Christian missionary to the Irish. The 17th of March is observed by the Irish as St. Patrick's day. See Shamrock ; Ireland

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Pattee

FRED LEWIS, an American educator, born in Bristol, N. H., in 1863. He was graduated from Dartmouth in 1888. From 1894 he was presi- Penndent of English literature at the sylvania State College. He wrote "A History of American Literature," (1896); "The Foundation of English Literature," (1900); "History of American Literature Since 1870," (1915). He also wrote a book of poems and litseveral other volumes of general erature.

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Patten

SIMON NELSON, an American author and professor. Born at educated at Sandwich, Ill., in 1852, and Northwestern University, Illinois, and Halle, Germany. In 1888 he became professor of Political Economy at the position University of Pennsylvania, a which he held until his retirement in 1917. His most important work is his "Development of English Thought" in phases which he discusses the economic underlying the progress of ideas. The same thesis-economic explanation of social phenomena-underlies all his work. Some of his other important works are "Theory of Social Forces" (1896); "Heredity and Social Progress" (1903); "Social Basis of Religion" (1911); "Culture and War" (1916).

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Pattern Varnish

Usually wood patterns are made from white straight-grained pine, which, while it is an excellent material for working and keeping its shape, is very soft and porous. If such patterns are moulded from without any subsequent treatment, the pores soon fill with sand-dust, which adheres firmly to the moulding-sand and leaves a scarred surface on the mould. To prevent this the patterns should receive a good coat of varnish made from one pound of shellac digested in one gallon of alcohol with as much lamp-black as will color it. After this has thoroughly dried, rub off with fine sand-paper and apply another coat of the varnish slightly diluted with alcohol. See VARNISH.

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Patteson

JOHN COLERIDGE, an English mission missionary; born in London, April 1, 1827, the son of Sir John Pat- , and teson, judge in the Queen's Bench the poet. He of a niece of Coleridge, passed through Eton and Balliol College, Merton in Oxford, elected a Fellow of curate of Alfing- 1852, and appointed ton, Devonshire. But his thoughts turned to missionary work and in 1855 Selwyn to New he sailed with Bishop Zealand. The next 16 years he spent New among the Melanesian Islands- Loyalty Hebrides, Banks, Solomon, and consecrated Islands; and in 1861 he was unselfish Bishop of Melanesia. A most Christian, he man and a true was greatly beloved by the islanders, whom white kidnaphe protected against the . E was killed by the pers of the Pacific He natives of Nukapu, one of the Santa Cruz group, Sept. 20, 1871.

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Patti

ADELINA MARIA CLO- RINDA, a popular operatic singer of Italian extraction; born in Madrid, Spain, in 1843. After a course of professional study she sang at an early age in London took in New York. Her début place in 1861 as Amina in "La Sonnamafterward was looked bula," and she ever upon as one of the first singers of her soprano, of time. Her voice was a high rich bell-like quality and remarkable style evenness of tone, with purity of and high artistic finish. She won golden opinions on the Continent wherever she appeared, receiving, in 1870, the Order . of Merit from the Emperor of Russia Her greatest success was generally in Gounod's considered to be Marguerite "Faust." In 1868 she was married to the Marquis de Caux, from whom, divorced in 1876. however, she was She subsequently married M. Nicolini, States, and appeared in the United various South America, and Mexico at times from 1880-1892. M. Nicolini died in 1898. In 1899 she married her third husband, Baron Rolf Cederstrom. ADELINA PATTI In 1903 Madame Patti made a successful concert tour of the United States. She died in 1919.

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