Single-source entries: P (22)

Peary Land

an area along the most northern coast of Greenland, discovered in 1882 by Lockwood and Brainard and later further explored by Peary in 1892.

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Peasant Bard, The

The. See Burns

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Peasants' War

a struggle called the "Bundschuhe," which broke out in 1502, and another, the War of Poor Conrad, in Württemberg, in 1514. The peasants of the small towns rebelled in Swabia, and those of the Thurgau rose in arms in June, 1524. After a temporary lull it broke out again early in 1525, on a more extended scale, the peasants of Alsace, Franconia, Lorraine, the Palatinate, and Swabia joining in the movement. The insurgents were defeated by the army of the Archduke Ferdinand, May 2; again at Königshofen, June 2; and were put down after 100,000 persons had perished, in June, 1525. The Anabaptists took part in the movement.

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Peasants' War, The

The. See Anabaptists

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Pease-meal

Cheap grades of this valuable food finds its way into the foundry, where it is used as a substitute for flour. See FLOUR. Peat is one of the most important productions of alluvial ground, composing the soil of swamps, and consisting of the twigs, leaves, and roots of trees mixed with grass, plants, weeds, earth, etc., that have long lain in water, and thereby become decomposed into a blackish-brown mass that may be cut with the spade and dried for fuel. The better qualities contain about 40 per cent of carbon. In Ireland it is known as turf, where it is dug up, dried, and used for fuel. See FUEL.

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Peattie

ELIA WILKINSON, an American writer, born at Kalamazoo, Mich., in 1862. In 1883 she married Robert Burns Peattie. For many years she was a reporter and writer on Chicago papers and contributed articles to many magazines. She was the author of "The Beleaguered Forest," (1901); "The Edge of Things," (1904); "The Newcomers," (1916).

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Peba

Dasypus (Tatusia) peba, called also the black tatou, an armadillo ranging from Texas S. to Paraguay. The ears are large, long, and close together; the head small, long, and straight; mouth large. Scales hexagonal; the bands vary in number, increasing with the age of the animal. It is nocturnal, swift of foot, and a good burrower. Its flesh is said to resemble sucking pig in flavor.

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Pechili

GULF OF, a land-locked extension of the Yellow Sea, between the base of the Korean peninsula and the Chinese province of Shan-tung, into which the Pei-ho discharges.

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Peckham

RUFUS WILLIAM, an English statesman; youngest son of Sir Robert Peel; born in 1829. He was educated at Eton and Oxford; entered Parliament as member for Warwick and Leamington in 1865; was parliamentary secretary to the Poor-law Board (1868- 1871); secretary to the Board of Trade (1871-1873); patronage secretary to the treasury (1873-1874); under-secretary for the Home Department (1880); and on the retirement of Sir Henry Brand (Viscount Hampden) in 1884, became speaker of the House of Commons. He was created 1st Viscount Peel in 1895. He died in 1912.

RUFUS WILLIAM, an American lawyer. He was born at Albany, N. Y., in 1838, and was admitted to the bar in 1859, serving for three years as district attorney of Albany co. After a varied career as lawyer, he became in 1883 associate judge of the State Supreme Court, and, and, from 1886, of the Court of Appeals peals in New York, and finally, in 1895, of the United States Supreme Court. His judgments in the Addystton Pipe and other cases riveted national attention. He died in 1909.

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Pecos River

a river of New Mexico and Texas, which has a S. E. course of about 800 miles, and falls into the Rio Grande del Norte, but in summer is generally dry.

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Pedagogy

. See University ; Bacon ; Comenius ; Locke ; Rousseau ; Pestalozzi ; Froebel ; Mann ; Page

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Pedal

a projecting piece of metal or wood, which is to be acted upon or pressed down with the foot; a treadle; as, the pedal of a bicycle. In musical instruments, a part acted on by the feet. Also, a fixed or stationary bass; a pedal bass, pedal note, or pedal point, over which various harmonies or contrapuntal devices are constructed; they chiefly occur in fugues.

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Pedro

. See Brazil

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Pedro the Cruel

King of Castile and Leon; born in 1334. He succeeded his father, Alfonso XI., in 1350, and in 1353 married Blanche de Bourbon, sister of the King of France, but in Padilla. Subsquently he poisoned his queen, and cruelly persecuted members of his own family and Castilian grandees, till an insurrection was raised against him under the lead of Harry of Trastamara, who finally defeated and slew him in the battle of Montiel, March 14, 1369.

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Peeblesshire

a county of Scotland, in the S. E., with ranges of hills, and traversed by the River Tweed, which empties itself into the North Sea. There are many villages, but no large towns. Manufactures include tweeds, and there is dairy farming, with ordinary agricultural products like wheat, potatoes and green crops. Capital, Peeble. Pop. about 16,000.

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Peekskill

a village in Westchester co., N. Y.; on the Hudson river, and on the New York Central and Hudson River railroad; 42 miles N. of New York. It is noted for the picturesque mountain scenery which surrounds it. The town contains a military academy, St. Gabriel's School, Helping Hand Hospital, Field Library, the New York State Military Camp, House of Good Shepherd, waterworks, gas, and electric lights, and several weekly newspapers. It has manufactories of fire brick, stoves, foundry facings, underwear, and hats. Pop. (1910) 15,245; (1920) 15,868.

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Peele

JOHN THOMAS, an Amercan artist; born in Petersborough, England , in 1822; settled in New York Cit ; in 1835 early manifested a genius fo for portrait painting and went to Europe to study ; returned to New York in 1846, and studied in the National Academy of Design, of which he became an Associate. Later , he devoted himself to genre painting, becoming a specialist in studies of child life. His chief productions include "Children in the "Wood" (1847); the "Girl and Kitten"; "Sunny Days of Childhood"; "Jennie's Pet"; " Music of the Reeds"; "Grandma's First Lesson in Knitting"; "Asleep on Duty"; "The Wealth of Wild Flowers"; "The Little Laundress"; "Recitation for Grandpa"; "The Bird's Nest" (1885); etc. He died in 1897.

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