Paterson (ROBERT popularly known as Old)
ROBERT, popularly known as "Old Mortality," ," an English stone cutter, cutter, born near Hawick, in 1712 or 1715, served his apprenticeship as a stone mason to an elder brother near Lochmaben. He married soon after 1740, and, renting a quarry for himself, took to carrying gravestones into Galloway. From about 1758 he neglected to return to his wife and five children, and for upward of 40 years devoted himself to the task of repairing or erecting headstones to Covenanting martyrs. Paterson died in Bankend, England, Jan. 29, 1801, and was buried at Caerlaverock, where a monument was erected to him by the Messrs. Black in 1869.
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Paterson (WILLIAM an English financier)
WILLIAM, an English financier; born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, in 1658. He went through England as a peddler, settled for a time at Bristol, subsequently resided in the Bahama Islands. Returning to London he engaged in trade with success, and in 1694 proposed and founded the Bank of England, being one of its first directors. When the Treaty of Union between England and Scotland was concluded in 1707, Paterson, one of its warmest advocates, received an indemnity (of $90,000) for the losses he had sustained. Paterson was a great financial genius, but most of his views (such as his advocacy of free trade) were far in advance of his time. He died in London in 1719.
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Pathology
the branch of medical science which treats of disease. It investigates its predisposing and existing cause, its characteristic symptoms, and its progress from first to last. Human pathology occupies itself with the diseases man, and comparative pathology , which makes comparison between the diseases of man and those of the inferior animals. Vegetable pathology treats of the diseases of plants.
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Patiala
the name of a state and city of Punjab, India. The state has an area of 3,542 square miles, with a population of about 1,500,000. Included in this is timber land and fertile region, producing grain, barley, maize and wheat. There are also industries of iron and brass ware. The city and capital has a population of about 50,000.
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Patmore
COVENTRY KEARSEY DIGHTON, an English poet; born in 18 He published his first volume of poems in 1844, became assistant librarian at the British Museum, and associated himself with the pre-Raphaelite movement. His reputation as a poet was established by the publication of the four parts of "The Angel in the House" (1854-1863), which he revised in successive editions. Besides this he published "The Unknown Eros and other Odes," a poetical anthology called the "Children's Garland," a "Memoir of B. W. Proctor" a (Barry Cornwall), and several contributions to periodicals. He died in Lymington, England, Nov. 26, 1896.
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Patna
a native state of the Central provinces, India; area, 2,399 square miles; pop. about 145,000. It has been under the management of a British political agent since 1871. Patna is the chief town; pop. about 3,000.
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Patna
called also AZIMABAD, a city of Bengal, 140 miles E. of Benares, extends 9 miles along the Ganges. Apart from the Gola or government granary (1786), Patna College, the shrine of Shah Arzani, the mosque of Sher Shah, a Roman Catholic church, and a Mohammedan college, there are no buildings of moment. Its railway communication, and its central position at the junction of three great rivers, the Son, the Gandak, and the Ganges, avenues for the traffic of the northwest provinces, render Patna of great importance as a commercial center. The chief imports are cotton goods, oil-seeds, salt, sugar, wheat, and other cereals. The exports, principally oil seeds and salt, alt, with cotton, spices, English piece goods, cocoanuts, and tobacco. Patna, under its early name of Pataliputra, is supposed to have been founded about 600 b. c. In modern times Patna is notable as the scene of a massacre of British prisoners by Mir Kasim in 1763, which led to war and annexation by the English, and for the mutiny at Dinapur, the military station of Patna, in 1857. Pop. (1918) 140,000.
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Paton
JOHN GIBSON, a Scotch missionary; born in Kirkmahoe, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, May 24, 1824. After some experience in Glasgow mission, he offered his services for the city foreign mission field in connection with the Reformed Presbyterian Church, and on his ordination he settled down toward the end of 1858 among the cannibal natives of Tanna. Here he worked amid trials and privations till 1862, when the hostility of the natives forced him to leave. For 20 years he labored on the neighboring island of Aniwa, the whole population of which became Christian. Both by voice and pen he afterward attracted public attention and sympathy toward this field of mission labor. The thrilling narrative of his experiences was first published in 1890. He died in 1907.
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Paton (JAMES MORTON an American arch)
JAMES MORTON, an American archæologist; born in New York, in 1863. He graduated New York University in 1883, afterward taking postgraduate courses at Harvard and in other European universities. From 1887 to 1891 he was professor of Latin at Middlebury College. From 1889 to 1905 he was associate professor of Greek at Wesleyan University. In 1917 he was editor in chief of the "American Journal of Archæology," and was a member of several learned societies. Vol. VII-Cyc
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Patras
or PATRE, a fortified seaport town and the most important in the W. of Greece, climbs up a hillside and spreads out at its foot on the E. shore of the Gulf of Patras, 81 miles W. by N. of Corinth and 137 W. of N. of Athens. It is a handsome city, having been almost entirely rebuilt after the ravages of the war of liberation (1821). It is defended by a citadel, is the seat of an archbishop, and has a spacious new harbor (1880) protected by a mole. It ships great quantities of currants, chiefly to Great Britain and France. Besides currants, olive oil, wine, valonia, etc., are exported. Pop. about 45,000. Patræ is the only one of the 12 cities of Achaia which still exists as a town; but most of its relics have been swept away by earthquake (551, 1820) and siege. It was an early seat of Christianity, having an archbishop before 347.
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