Single-source entries: P (26)

Pendant Bow

The ring of metal by which the chain is attached to the case.

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Pendant Bow Drill

A tool consisting of a loose spindle with a crank and drill rest, adapted to be used in the vise on the bench.

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Pendant Bow Tightener

A form of pliers used for tightening and bending into form a loose or distorted pendant bow.

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Pendleton

a town of Oregon, the county-seat of Umatilla co. It is on the Umatilla river and on the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company and the Washington and Columbia River rail- inches; and at Spitzbergen, 39.21469 roads. It is the center and distributing point of an important wheat-growing and cattle-raising regions. Its industries include flour mills, woolen mills, machine shops, etc. Water power is supplied by the river, which is crossed by four bridges. The public buildings include a court house, a public library, a State hospital for the insane, and a Federal building. Pop. (1910) 4,460; (1920) 7,387.

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Pendule Watches

A name given to watches of early construction having on one arm, or cross-piece of the balance, a representation of the bob of a pendulum and visible to the eye by a portion of the cock being cut away; thus this arm of the balance, at every vibration, would have the appearance as well as regularity of a pendulum.

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Pendulum Error

The long and short vibrations of a free pendulum will only be isochronous if the path described is a cycloid, which is a curve described by rolling a circle along a straight line. If the generating circle, instead of being rolled on another circle, were rolled along a straight edge, it would describe a cycloid. But a pendulum swung freely from a point travels through a circular path, and the long arcs are performed slower than the short ones. This divergence from the theoretical cycloid was of great importance when the arc described was large, as it was of necessity with the verge escapement, and many devices were tried to lead the pendulum through a cycloid. With an arc of about 3 deg. only, such as regulator pendulums describe now, the divergence is very small.

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Pendulum Spring

The ribbon or ribbons of steel used in suspending the pendulum. PERRON, M. A celebrated French watchmaker and author. Born at Besancon, in 1779.

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Penfield

FREDERIC COURT- LAND. Author and diplomat. Born in Connecticut, 1855, and after completing FREDERIC C. PENFIELD his education in England and Germany, became in 1885 vice-consul general at London. He later served in Egypt as American consul-general, and in 1913 was appointed by President Wilson ambassador to Austria-Hungary. There he remained in charge of United States affairs until the severance of diplomatic relations in 1917. During the period of American neutrality (1914-1917) he took care of the interests in Austria-Hungary of several of the belligerents.

EDWARD. American illustrator. He was born in New York in 1866, studying painting first in his native city; then in Holland and Eng. land. Returning to the United States he became art editor of "Harper's" in 1891, and designed many magazine covers, posters, calendars, and contributed the illustrations to many stories and articles. His larger decorative work ininclude: " Holland Sketches"; "Spanish Sketches."

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Penicillium

in botany, a genus of hyphomycetous fungi. It consists of a dense, pasty crust, slimy below and above, consisting of minute pedicels, terminating in a pencil of moniliform spores. One, P. glaucum, is green mold.

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Peninsula

a piece of land almost surrounded with water, and connected to the mainland by a narrow strip of land or isthmus. With the definite article the term is specifically applied to Spain and Portugal.

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Peninsular War

the war carried on in the beginning of the 19th century in Spain and Portugal by the British forces, aided by the native troops, against the French. Sir Arthur Wellesley, afterward the Duke of Wellington, landed with 10,000 British troops, at Figueras, in Portugal, Aug. 1-3, 1808, and on the 21st defeated the French at Vimiera. On August 30 the Convention of Cintra was signed, by which Junot agreed to evacuate the country. Wellesley returning home, the command of the army, now increased to 20,000 men, was given over to Sir John Moore, who was forced by Soult to fall back on Corunna, where a battle was fought on Jan. 16, 1809, in which the former lost his life. Wellesley again received command of the army, and, after a series of sanguinary but generally successful combats, drove the French across the Pyrénées, entering France on Oct. 7, 1813.

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Pennant

a small flag or banner. In naval affairs, a long, narrow piece of bunting, worn at the mast-heads of

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Pennell

MRS. ELIZABETH ), an American writer, wife of and traveled extensively in Besides contributions to the , " the " Century, " and other , she published numerous illustrated by her husband, and in some cases written in collaboration with best known being: " A Canterge" (1885); "Two Pilss" (1886); ; "Our "O Journey Hebrides " ( 1889); "Play in Prov- 1891); " To Gipsyland " ( 1892); "Feasts of Autolycus" (1896); "Our Philadelphia" (1914); "The Lovers"

JOSEPH, an American illustrator and author; born in Philadelphia, Pa., July 4, 1860. Besides works written in collaboration with his wife, he published: "Pen Drawings and Pen Draughtsmen" (1889); "The Jew at Home" (1892); "Modern Illustrations"; "The Work of Charles Keene" (1897); and Lithographers" Mrs. ); "Life of Whistler" (with ith Pennell, 1910); "The Wonder of Work" (1916). Was awarded the Grand Prize at St. Louis Exposition (1904); Milan Exposition (1906); London (1913); and Florence (1914).

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Pennsylvania Dutch

a patois that is not, as some erroneously suppose, a corruption of German, originating in Pennsylvania, but a South-German dialect, brought from Europe, and due to a mixture of forms existing on the upper Rhine in Rhenish Bavaria, Baden, Darmstadt, Württemberg, German Switzerland, and Alsace. In the United States, chiefly in Pennsylvania, the dialect has taken up an English element. A more correct name would be Pennsylvania German.

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Pennsylvania State College

a coeducational non-sectarian institution in State College, Pa.; founded in 1855; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 350; students, 3,065; s, 3,065; volumes in the library, 74,000; productive funds, $567,000; income, $1,165,877; president, Edwin Erle Sparks, Ph. D., LL. D. PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF, a coeducational non-sectarian institution in Philadelphia, Pa.; founded in 1740; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 935; students, 9,921; volumes in the library, 481,000; productive funds, $10,802,420; income, $472,886; provost, Edgar Fahs Smith, Ph. D.

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