Peck
a measure of quantity. The fourth part of a bushel. The word means originally, "a great deal," as a peck of trouble. The peck contains eight quarts or two gallons. The standard British peck contains 554.548 cubic inches. The standard United States peck contains 537.6 cubic inches.
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Peck
a dry measure of two gallons, or eight quarts, for grain, pulse, etc.; the fourth part of a bushel. So, a great deal, number, or quantity.
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Peck
ANNIE SMITH, an American mountain climber, born in Providence, R. I. She graduated from the University of Michigan in 1878. She studied archæology in Athens and for several years taught in preparation schools. She was also professor of Latin in Purdue University and of Smith College. In 1895 she climbed the Matterhorn and several other difficult peaks in Europe. She also climbed several of the highest mountains in Central and South America. She made explorations in Peru and climbed the highest peak of the Raura Range. In 1908 she succeeded in ascending Mt. Huascaran, Peru, the highest point in America yet attained by any American. She also climbed several other mountains in Peru which have never before been ascended. She is a prolific writer and her works include "A Search for the Apex of America" (1911); "The South American Tour" (1914). She has received many medals from foreign countries and is a member of the Royal Geographic Society.
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Peckham
RUFUS WILLIAM, an American lawyer. He was born at Albany, N. Y., in 1838, and was admitted to the bar in 1859, serving for three years as district attorney of Albany co. After a varied career as lawyer, he became in 1883 associate judge of the State Supreme Court, and, and, from 1886, of the Court of Appeals peals in New York, and finally, in 1895, of the United States Supreme Court. His judgments in the Addystton Pipe and other cases riveted national attention. He died in 1909.
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Peckham (II)
RUFUS WILLIAM, an English statesman; youngest son of Sir Robert Peel; born in 1829. He was educated at Eton and Oxford; entered Parliament as member for Warwick and Leamington in 1865; was parliamentary secretary to the Poor-law Board (1868- 1871); secretary to the Board of Trade (1871-1873); patronage secretary to the treasury (1873-1874); under-secretary for the Home Department (1880); and on the retirement of Sir Henry Brand (Viscount Hampden) in 1884, became speaker of the House of Commons. He was created 1st Viscount Peel in 1895. He died in 1912.
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Pecos River
a river of New Mexico and Texas, which has a S. E. course of about 800 miles, and falls into the Rio Grande del Norte, but in summer is generally dry.
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Pedagogy
. See University ; Bacon ; Comenius ; Locke ; Rousseau ; Pestalozzi ; Froebel ; Mann ; Page
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Pedal
a projecting piece of metal or wood, which is to be acted upon or pressed down with the foot; a treadle; as, the pedal of a bicycle. In musical instruments, a part acted on by the feet. Also, a fixed or stationary bass; a pedal bass, pedal note, or pedal point, over which various harmonies or contrapuntal devices are constructed; they chiefly occur in fugues.
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Pedro
. See Brazil
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Pedro the Cruel
King of Castile and Leon; born in 1334. He succeeded his father, Alfonso XI., in 1350, and in 1353 married Blanche de Bourbon, sister of the King of France, but in Padilla. Subsquently he poisoned his queen, and cruelly persecuted members of his own family and Castilian grandees, till an insurrection was raised against him under the lead of Harry of Trastamara, who finally defeated and slew him in the battle of Montiel, March 14, 1369.
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Peeblesshire
a county of Scotland, in the S. E., with ranges of hills, and traversed by the River Tweed, which empties itself into the North Sea. There are many villages, but no large towns. Manufactures include tweeds, and there is dairy farming, with ordinary agricultural products like wheat, potatoes and green crops. Capital, Peeble. Pop. about 16,000.
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Peekskill
a village in Westchester co., N. Y.; on the Hudson river, and on the New York Central and Hudson River railroad; 42 miles N. of New York. It is noted for the picturesque mountain scenery which surrounds it. The town contains a military academy, St. Gabriel's School, Helping Hand Hospital, Field Library, the New York State Military Camp, House of Good Shepherd, waterworks, gas, and electric lights, and several weekly newspapers. It has manufactories of fire brick, stoves, foundry facings, underwear, and hats. Pop. (1910) 15,245; (1920) 15,868.
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Peele
JOHN THOMAS, an Amercan artist; born in Petersborough, England , in 1822; settled in New York Cit ; in 1835 early manifested a genius fo for portrait painting and went to Europe to study ; returned to New York in 1846, and studied in the National Academy of Design, of which he became an Associate. Later , he devoted himself to genre painting, becoming a specialist in studies of child life. His chief productions include "Children in the "Wood" (1847); the "Girl and Kitten"; "Sunny Days of Childhood"; "Jennie's Pet"; " Music of the Reeds"; "Grandma's First Lesson in Knitting"; "Asleep on Duty"; "The Wealth of Wild Flowers"; "The Little Laundress"; "Recitation for Grandpa"; "The Bird's Nest" (1885); etc. He died in 1897.
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Peeping Tom of Coventry
. See Godiva
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Peepul
or Botree, the sacred fig tree of farther India. It is closely related to the famous banyan. It is held in veneration by the priests of Buddha, and is planted around his temples. An ancient tree of this sort in Ceylon is said to have been planted 288 B. C. There is reason to believe that it is over 2,000 years old. It is certainly the oldest tree in Asia. The people believe that it was grown from a branch of the very tree under which Buddha himself reclined. It is guarded with the utmost veneration. As fast as they fall, the leaves are carried away as souvenirs. No impious hand or sacrilegious knife is allowed to reach its branches.
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Peers
noblemen of especial rank. In Great Britain and Ireland a peer is a holder of the title of one of the five degrees of nobility. He is a duke, marquis, earl, viscount, or baron. The two English archbishops, as well as the twenty-four bishops entitled to a seat in the House of Lords , are also peers. The House of Lords is called frequently the House of Peers. The peers of Ireland elect twenty-eight of their number to represent them in the House of Lords; the peers of Scotland, sixteen. Peers are created by the sovereign. See Parliament
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