Pen Name
. See Pseudonym
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Single-source entries: P (35)
These 18 listings are so strange that each appears in only one of the 7 encyclopedias we compared. They include such classics as Pen Name, Penal Laws, Penal Servitude.
Penal Laws
laws which prohibit an act, and impose a penalty for the commission of it.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Penal Servitude
a form of punishment in English criminal law, substituted, in 1853, for the punishment of transportation. It consists in imprisonment with hard labor for a term of years, from two up to the duration of life, in one of the penal establishments in Great Britain, or in any of the British domin- Each family had its own penates, and ions beyond the seas.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Penance
in Roman theology and ritual: 1. The virtue which inclines the soul to detest sin for its own sake-that is, because it is an offense against God. 2. The outward acts by which sorrow for sin is evinced. 3. The satisfaction which a priest imposes on the penitent before giving absolution, often called sacramental penance. 4. A sacrament of the New Law, whereby sins, whether mortal or venial, committed after baptism, are forgiven. The Council of Trent defines that the form of the sacrament consists in the words, "Ego te absolvo," etc., the "quasi materia" in the acts of the penitent-contrition, confession and satisfaction. The minister of the sacrament is a priest with ordinary or delegated power to absolve, and the subjects those who have received baptism. It is not of obligation to confess venial sins, but mortal sins committed after baptism must be confessed.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Pendant
in architecture (1) an ornament which is suspended from the roof of a Gothic or Tudor building; the hanging pendants of a vaulted ceiling, uniting solidity with ornament. There are some excellent samples in Henry VI.'s Chapel in Westminster Abbey, London. In vaulted roofs pendants are formed of stone, richly sculptured, and in timber work they are of wood carved. (2) A hanging keystone, the lower face of which projects beyond the intrados of the arch. In art (in the plural), two pictures, statues, or groups of sculpture or engravings, which, from their similarity of subject, size, form, etc., can be placed together with due regard to symmetry. Nautically: (1) A strap or short rope depending from a mast-head, and having thimbles for bearing the blocks, which transmit the effects of tackles to distant points, etc. Used especially in setting up masts and rigging. (2) A pennant.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Pendant
The portion of a watch case to which the bow is attached, and the portion connecting it with the case.
Only in American Watchmaker and Jeweler
Pendant Bow
The ring of metal by which the chain is attached to the case.
Only in American Watchmaker and Jeweler
Pendant Bow Drill
A tool consisting of a loose spindle with a crank and drill rest, adapted to be used in the vise on the bench.
Only in American Watchmaker and Jeweler
Pendant Bow Tightener
A form of pliers used for tightening and bending into form a loose or distorted pendant bow.
Only in American Watchmaker and Jeweler
Pendleton
a town of Oregon, the county-seat of Umatilla co. It is on the Umatilla river and on the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company and the Washington and Columbia River rail- inches; and at Spitzbergen, 39.21469 roads. It is the center and distributing point of an important wheat-growing and cattle-raising regions. Its industries include flour mills, woolen mills, machine shops, etc. Water power is supplied by the river, which is crossed by four bridges. The public buildings include a court house, a public library, a State hospital for the insane, and a Federal building. Pop. (1910) 4,460; (1920) 7,387.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Pendule Watches
A name given to watches of early construction having on one arm, or cross-piece of the balance, a representation of the bob of a pendulum and visible to the eye by a portion of the cock being cut away; thus this arm of the balance, at every vibration, would have the appearance as well as regularity of a pendulum.
Only in American Watchmaker and Jeweler
Pendulum Error
The long and short vibrations of a free pendulum will only be isochronous if the path described is a cycloid, which is a curve described by rolling a circle along a straight line. If the generating circle, instead of being rolled on another circle, were rolled along a straight edge, it would describe a cycloid. But a pendulum swung freely from a point travels through a circular path, and the long arcs are performed slower than the short ones. This divergence from the theoretical cycloid was of great importance when the arc described was large, as it was of necessity with the verge escapement, and many devices were tried to lead the pendulum through a cycloid. With an arc of about 3 deg. only, such as regulator pendulums describe now, the divergence is very small.
Only in American Watchmaker and Jeweler
Pendulum Spring
The ribbon or ribbons of steel used in suspending the pendulum. PERRON, M. A celebrated French watchmaker and author. Born at Besancon, in 1779.
Only in American Watchmaker and Jeweler
Penfield
FREDERIC COURT- LAND. Author and diplomat. Born in Connecticut, 1855, and after completing FREDERIC C. PENFIELD his education in England and Germany, became in 1885 vice-consul general at London. He later served in Egypt as American consul-general, and in 1913 was appointed by President Wilson ambassador to Austria-Hungary. There he remained in charge of United States affairs until the severance of diplomatic relations in 1917. During the period of American neutrality (1914-1917) he took care of the interests in Austria-Hungary of several of the belligerents.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Penfield (EDWARD American illustrator He)
EDWARD. American illustrator. He was born in New York in 1866, studying painting first in his native city; then in Holland and Eng. land. Returning to the United States he became art editor of "Harper's" in 1891, and designed many magazine covers, posters, calendars, and contributed the illustrations to many stories and articles. His larger decorative work ininclude: " Holland Sketches"; "Spanish Sketches."
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Penicillium
in botany, a genus of hyphomycetous fungi. It consists of a dense, pasty crust, slimy below and above, consisting of minute pedicels, terminating in a pencil of moniliform spores. One, P. glaucum, is green mold.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Peninsula
a piece of land almost surrounded with water, and connected to the mainland by a narrow strip of land or isthmus. With the definite article the term is specifically applied to Spain and Portugal.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Peninsular War
the war carried on in the beginning of the 19th century in Spain and Portugal by the British forces, aided by the native troops, against the French. Sir Arthur Wellesley, afterward the Duke of Wellington, landed with 10,000 British troops, at Figueras, in Portugal, Aug. 1-3, 1808, and on the 21st defeated the French at Vimiera. On August 30 the Convention of Cintra was signed, by which Junot agreed to evacuate the country. Wellesley returning home, the command of the army, now increased to 20,000 men, was given over to Sir John Moore, who was forced by Soult to fall back on Corunna, where a battle was fought on Jan. 16, 1809, in which the former lost his life. Wellesley again received command of the army, and, after a series of sanguinary but generally successful combats, drove the French across the Pyrénées, entering France on Oct. 7, 1813.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia