Penrose
BOIES, United States at Philadelphia, and graduated from Harvard University in the class of 1881. Two years later he was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia, but he has never practiced law very extensively, his time being taken up by the politics of the Republican party and his public duties. He first entered politics as Republican member of the State House of Representatives, and later, in 1887, was elected to the State Senate. In 1897 the Republicans elected him to the United States Senate and have since regularly renominated and elected him. In 1919 he became Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Senate. BOIES PENROSE
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Penrose (II)
RICHARD ALEXANDER FULLERTON, JR., an American geologist, born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1863. Graduated from Harvard in 1884, took a post-graduate course in the same university. He was in charge of the survey of eastern Texas in 1888 and afterward made detailed surveys in Arkansas and to 1895 he was other states. From 1892 associate professor of economic geology at the University of Chicago and was full professor from 1895 to 1911. He acted as special geologist of the United States Geological Survey and reported on several important western gold fields. He was associate editor of the "Journal of Geology" and a member of many American and foreign geological societies. He wrote many works on geological subjects, including "Geology of the Tertiary of Texas" (1889); "Man- Gulf ganese; Its Uses, Ores, Deposits" (1890); and "Iron Deposits of Arkansas" (1892).
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Penryn
"head of the river," a town of Cornwall, wall, England; at the head of a W. creek of Falmouth harbor, 3 miles N. of Falmouth town. Scarce a trace remains of Glasney College, founded in 1264 for 13 Black Augustinian Canons; and none of a palace of the bishops of Exeter. Neighboring quarries supply the famous Penryn granite-the material of Waterloo Bridge, the Chatham docks, and other great public works; and the town has besides some manufactures of paper, woolen cloth, gunpowder, etc. Incorporated by James I., it was taken by Fairfax in 1646.
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Pensacola
a city, port of entry and county-seat of Escambia co., Fla.; on Pensacola Bay, and on the Pensacola, Alabama, and Tennessee, the Louisville and Nashville, and the Gulf, Florida and Alabama railroads; 7 miles from the Gulf of Mexico. It has several orphans' and widows' homes, electric light plant, National banks, daily and weekly newspapers, a custom house, court house, and Marine Hospital. The city annually receives vast quantities of yellow pine from the forests of Alabama, and ships it to all parts of the world. The other industries include the shipment of iron, coal, cotton, and naval stores. Pensacola was settled by Spanish colonists before 1700. In 1719 it was captured by Bienville, but soon afterward was restored. The British had possession of western Florida in 1763-1781, and during the wars with Napoleon were permitted to hold Pensacola, and organize expeditions in its harbor. General Jackson seized the towr. Nov. 6, 1814, and the British withdrew, after blowing up the fort. In 1818 Jackson again seized the place in prosecution of the Seminole War, on the plea that the Spanish authorities aided the Indians. Pop. (1910) 22,982; (1920) 31,- 035.
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Pensacola Bay
an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, at the W. extremity of Florida, defended at its entrance by Fort Pickens, on Santa Rosa Island, and Fort McRea on the mainland. The entrance between Santa Rosa Island and the mainland is a mile wide. Besides a lighthouse, there are a navy yard, marine hospital and barracks, and in the vicinity the villages of Bagdad and Milton. PENSIONS. See UNITED STATES.
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Pensions
MOTHERS', the granting of state subsidies to widowed, deserted and, sometim sometimes, divorced women children. Mothers' penwith dependent sions are entirely of modern origin, and may be considered as a phase of the general tendency toward recognition of the
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Pensions
OLD AGE responsibility of the state in regard to the welfare of its more handicapped citizens. In this country it may be said that the sentiment for mothers' pensions first found practical expression in 1912, when the State of Washington passed a law granting a subsidy to widowed women with dependent children. Divorced and deserted women were excluded from the benefits of the law, on the theory that it tended to encourage divorce and desertion on the part of the husbands. This law was amended in 1919 to include divorced and deserted women as well. The example of Washington was rapidly followed by other State legislatures, until, in 1920, thirty-six States made more or less provision for unsupported women with dependent children. As illustrations: in California only widows are included; in Colorado any parent unable to care for its children is included; in Illinois pensions are granted to widows or women with incapacitated husbands; in Idaho the recipient must be a widow, or a woman with a husband in the penitentiary or in an insane asylum; in Kansas pensions are granted to women widowed, divorced, or with husbands physically incapacitated or in the penitentiary or in an insane asylum, or deserted by her husband for more than three months. Throughout all the States the pensions average from $21 to $24 a month. AGE PENSIONS.
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Pentacrinus
in zoölogy, the typical genus of the Pentacrinidæ. The column is pentagonal. P. caput medusæ is found in the Caribbean Sea; P. europæus is the larva of Antedon rosacea. In palæontology, seven species are known in the Lias, seven in the Jurassic, three in the Cretaceous, and three in the Eocene strata. Of these, P. (extracrinus) briareus, from the Lower Lias of Lyme Regis, has extraordinarily ramified arms or rays.
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Pentagon
a figure of five sides and five angles; if the sides and angles be equal it is a regular pentagon; otherwise, irregular.
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Pentagram
(See Magical Diagram.) Perfect Sermon A hermetic Book. (See Hermes Trismegistus.)
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Pentamera
one of the primary sections into which coleopterous insects (beetles) are divided, including those which have five joints on the tarsus of each leg.
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Pentameter
a verse of five feet, used especially in Latin and Greek poetry, in which the first two feet may be either dactyls or spondees, the third must be a spondee, and the last two anapæsts; or it may be considered as consisting of two parts, each containing two feet and a syllable; the first half consists of two dactyls or spondees and a long syllable, the second half must consist of two dactyls and a syllable. Hexameter and pentameter verses used alternately constitute what is called elegiac measure.
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