Petiole
the leaf stalk of a plant, the part connecting the blade with the stem. It is generally half cylindrical, often channeled above, but in some monocotyledons it is cylindrical, and in others
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Single-source entries: P (37)
Each of these 17 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
Petition of Right
a declaration a narrow valley of the Wady Musa, about 110 miles S. S. E. of Jerusalem. It appears to have been a place of considerable extent and great magnificence, for its ruins, partly temples, etc., cut out of the to have been the Joktheel of the Old solid rock, cover a large space. It seems Testament, taken by Amaziah from the Edomites.
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Petra
a ruined city, formerly the Nabathæan capital of Arabia Petræa, in
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Petrie
WILLIAM MATTHEW FLINDERS, an English Egyptologist, Ausgrandson of Captain Flinders, the tralian explorer; born June 3, 1853. He made measurements of prehistoric monuments in Great Britain (1875-1880); discovered and excavated the Græco- Egyptian city of Naukratis, in the Delta; and examined the interior of the pyramids at Hawara and Illahun. The results of his researches are found in "Stonehenge: Plans, etc." (1881); "Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh" (1883); "Tanis" (1885-1888); "Ten Years' Dig gings in Egypt" (1892), a popular summary of his Egyptian work; "Six Temples at Thebes" (1897); "Researches Sinai" (1906); "Arts and Crafts in Egypt" (1909); "Egypt and Israel" (1911); "Tools and eapons (1917). Professor of Egyptology, University College, London.
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Petrifaction
the act or process of petrifying or changing into a stone; the state of being petrified; conversion of any organic matter, animal or vegetable, into stone, or a substance of stony hardness. A "petrifaction" is not, transformation strictly speaking, a of the original animal or plant into stone. It is merely a replacement of the organic tissue by mineral substance. As each particle of the plant or animal decays and disappears its place is taken, usually in water or mud, by a particle of mineral matter deposited from the water which has held it in suspension. Thus the perishable original is changed into imperishable stone. By such means have the skeletons of animals millions of years old been preserved in the rocks of the everlasting hills. In the same way whole forests of trees in the Yellowstone region and elsewhere are changed into agate and other forms of stone, the hollow logs of the forest primeval being often found filled with beautiful crystals of quartz and amethyst.
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Petrograd
the name given St. Petersburg, the capital of the Russian Empire, following the outbreak of the World War in 1914. The estimated popиlation in 1920 was 600,000.
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Petrography
the art of writing on stone. Also the study of rocks; a scientific description of or treatise on rocks; that branch of geology which deals with the constitution of rocks; petrology. PETROLATUM. Vaseline, petroleum pale yellow to amber colored jelly. A , oily, translucent, semi-solid substance, obtained by purifying the residue from the distillation of petroleum. Soluble in all common oil solvents, slightly soluble in alcohol, insoluble in water. Used in medicine, in the manufacture of shoe and metal polishes, and as a lubricant. Liquid Petrolatum is a colorless, oily liquid, obtained from petrolatum, and consists of the fraction distilling between 330° and 390° C. It is chiefly used in medicine as an emollient.
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Petroleuse
a name given to the women of the French Commune in 1871, accused of helping to burn the Tuileries, city hall, and other public buildings by pouring petroleum on them. The charge has been denied by some historians.
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Petrology
the study of the mineralogical and chemical composition of rocks; including the various changes they have undergone through physical and chemical agencies, either combined or separate. Macroscopic and microscopic examination, together with chemical analysis, are the methods pursued.
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Petronius Arbiter
A favorite of Emperor Nero, and one of the ministers and associates of his pleasures and vices. He was made proconsul of Bithynia , and afterward was honored with the consulship. Eventually having gained the disfavor of Nero, he resolved to destroy himself, which he did by having his veins opened, A. D. 66. Petronius distinguished himself by his writings as well as by his voluptuousness. He is the author of many elegant compositions, which are, however, often characterized by impropriety of language.
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Petropavlovsk
a town of Asiatic Russia, in the province of Akmolinsk, on the river Ishim, 175 miles W. N. W. of Omsk. It is an important military station, with a fort founded in 1752, and has a large transit trade. Pop. (1913) 42,340.
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Petropavlovski
a fortified town on the E. coast of Kamchatka, was at tacked by an English and French squadron, Aug. 30, 1854. They destroyed the batteries, but failed in taking some Russian frigates, except the "Sitka," a store ship and the "Pique." Admiral Price was killed. A party of 700 sailors and marines landed to assault the place, but fell into an ambuscade; many were killed, including Captain Parker and M. Bourasset, English and French officers. The objects of the attack were not attained. After this the Russians greatly strengthened their defenses, but on May 30, 1855, the allied squadron in the Pacific arriving here found the place deserted. The fortifications were destroyed, but the town was spared. The Russian ships escaped.
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Petrovitch
a Russian statesman and author. He was born in 1827 at Moscow, and became professor of civil law in the university of his native city, and tutor to the czar's family. In 1880 he became procurator of the Holy Synod, and established elementary schools. In politics he favored absolutism, and wrote numerous works, mostly legal, to that end. He died in 1907.
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Petrozavodsk
a town of Russia, on the W. shore of Lake Onega, 300 miles N. E. of St. Petersburg, has a cannon foundry and small-arms factory, built in 1774.
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Pewee
. See Phoebe ; Wood Pewee
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Pewterer's Solders
These are of three kinds: the hard and soft pale, and the middling. Hard pale is made from 2 tin and 1 lead; for the soft pale an addition of 1 bismuth is made; and for the middling pale an equal mixture of both. See SOLDERING; SOLDERS.
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Pewterer's Temper
Tin 2 and copper 1, fused together, make the alloy above named. This temper, mixed in certain proportions with pig tin, produces the pewter named "tin-and-temper." See PEWTER; TIN.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding