Pepin
THE SHORT, a King of France, the first of the Carlovingian kings. He was at first mayor of the palace under Childeric III.; but in 752 he dethroned that monarch and confined him in a monastery. Having requested and obtained the sanction of the Pope, Pepin was constituted king. He assisted Pope Stephen III. against the Longobards, defeated the Saxons, Bavarians, and other German nations, and united Aquitaine to his crown. After a reign of 16 years, he died in St. Denis, in 768. His son Charlemagne succeeded him as King of the Franks.
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Pepper
a climbing shrub native to India. The pungent berry is used as a spice. Pepper is now cultivated quite generally in tropical countries. It is propagated by cuttings and comes into full bearing in about four years. The bright red berries are about the size of peas. When the bunches of berries begin to ripen they are gathered like grapes and laid in the sun to dry. The wrinkled dried berries, winnowed free from dust and bits of stems, are the black pepper of commerce. White pepper is obtained by freeing the dried berries from an outer covering. Cayenne or red pepper is the peppery pod of another plant entirely. The cultivation of the pepper plant does not differ particularly from that of the grape vine. It will climb, if permitted, to a height of twenty feet, but it bears best if kept down to a height of ten or twelve feet. Suckers and side shoots are pruned, and the vines are pruned as in grape culture. Two crops a year are gathered. Ten pounds of green pepper produce four pounds of dry. Singapore is the chief pepper market of the world. The United States is the most liberal buyer--20,000,000 pounds a year. Pepper is used not only to season cookery, but it is employed by the packers extensively as a preservative in curing meats. See Spice
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Pepper
GEORGE WHARTON, a Philadelphia lawyer and church authority. Born in Philadelphia in 1867, and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in the class of '87. For a few years he practiced law, and then in 1893, became profes professor rofessor of law at the 1895, University of Pennsylvania. In addition to his legal studies he has taken a great interest in the law and polity of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He is the author of a number of works on ecclesiastical and legal matters.
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Pepper (Dried immature fruit or berry)
the dried immature fruit or berry of P. nigrum, used as a condiment, whole or ground. White pepper is the berry deprived of its outer husk. It is imported into this country chiefly from Java, Sumatra, Malacca, and Borneo, and is named after the locality from which derived; thus, Penang, Malabar, Sumatra, Trang, etc. The ground peppers of commerce are generally mixtures of different kinds of berries; e. g., Malabar is used to give weight, Penang or Trang to give strength, and Sumatra to give color. Long pepper (P. longum), which belongs to the same natural order, and contains almost the same constituents, must be considered a true pepper, though of less value commercially.
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Pepper (WILLIAM an American physician)
WILLIAM, an American physician and university president; born He was educated at University of Pennsylvania, and took up the practice of medicine in the city of Philadelphia, where he became connected with several large hospitals. In 1868 he became professor of anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania, and from 1881 of the University. to 1894 was provost He devoted much time and attention to the medical school, which, under his direction, took a front rank among the leading medical schools in the United States. He died in 1898.
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Pepsin
an azotized ferment, related to the proteids, and contained in gastric juice. It possesses the power, in conjunction with hydrochloric acid, of dissolving the insoluble proteids and converting them into peptones. Pepsin is prepared from the stomach of the pig or calf on a commercial scale.
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Peptone
the products of the action of pepsin, or acid gastric juice on albuminous substances. They are only found in the stomach and small intestines, are highly diffusible, readily soluble in water, and are not coagulated with boiling.
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Pequot
FORT, an old Indian fort on Pequot Hill, about 8 miles N. E. of New London, Conn.
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Pequots
or PEQUODS, a tribe of American Indians, a branch of the Mohicans, were warlike and powerful in the country round the Thames river when Connecticut was first settled, and made treaties with the Dutch and English. Hostilities, however, broke out in 1637; and the tribe was cut to pieces and scattered; yet a few descendants may be found at Green Bay, Wis. PERÆA, a term applied to many districts beyond a river or sea; most frequently to great part of Palestine beyond the Jordan.
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Perak
a Malay state on the W. side of the peninsula of Malacca, under protection Great Britain since 1874; estimated area, 7,800 square miles. The interior ranges up to 8,000 feet. The soil is fertile, and for the most part cov ered with luxuriant vegetation. Elephants, leopards, huge snakes, and deer swarm in the forests of the interior. The soil produces rice, sugar, tobacco, coffee, tea, vanilla, and spices. But the principal production of the state is tin. Lead also exists in great quantity. The Kinta capital are is the Kwala principal Kansar tin. mining Taiping towns and. his was There are over 70 miles of Pop. ( 1911) 494,057. railway.
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Percale
a fine, closely woven cambric. It is usually ornamented with printed patterns. It is used for women's and children's summer dresses and for men's shirts. Percale is in appearance akin to calico, but is a superior fabric. See Calico ; Printing
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Perception
the reception of knowledge through the senses, and the faculty by which knowledge is so received and communication maintained between the subject tion differs and the from external conception world,. in Percep- dealing head IV with things that have an actual, not also merely a possible existence; and from consciousness, in that it is concerned with objects external to the mind of the percipient. It is, in brief, the taking cognizance of impressions received by the senses.
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