Philadelphian Society
(See Visions .)
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Single-source entries: P (40)
Each of these 13 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
Philadelphians
a mystic sect emphasizing "brotherly love" (Greek philadelphia), founded in London in 1652 under the influence of Boehme by Dr. John Pordage (1608-1698) and Mrs. Leade and others. It had for a time a branch in Holland, but disappeared early in the 18th century.
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Phile
an island in the Nile, near Assuan and S. of Syene, in Nubia. It is a small granite rock, fringed with rich verdure, about 1,200 feet long and 450 broad, almost covered with ancient buildings of great architectural beauty and interest, though not of very ancient date. That to the E., a hypæthral or roofless hall, commonly called "Pharaoh's bed," belongs to the Greek and Roman period, and consists of 14 great columns with capitals of various patterns, connected at the lower part by solid walls; the length is 63 feet, the width 48. The great temple of Isis, to whom the island was sacred, was mainly built by Ptolemy Epiphanes, and continued by his successors, especially by Ptolemy III., Euergetes. To the N. stood the great propylon or gateway, 60 feet high and over 120 wide. This is the oldest part of the temple, and bears the name of Nectanebes II. (about 361 b. c.). The temple proper contains representations of the story of Osiris, his birth, bringing up, death. The building of the Assuan Dam has partially submerged the island.
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Philemon and Baucis
in classic mythology, a married pair, remarkable for their mutual love. Jupiter and Mercury, wandering through Phrygia in human form, were refused hospitality by everyone, till this aged pair took them in, washed their feet, and gave them such humble fare as they could provide. On going away, the gods took them with them to a neighboring mountain, on looking from which they saw their village covered with a flood, but their own cottage changed into a splendid temple. Jupiter permitted them to make any request they chose, but they only asked to be servants of his temple, and that they might die at the same time. When, accordingly, they were seated at the door of the temple, being now of great age, they were changed, Philemon into an oak, and Baucis into a linden.
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Philharmonic Society
a musical organization established in London, in 1813, welcomed Mendelssohn to England in 1829 and again in 1844. The New Philharmonic was founded in 1852. The Philharmonic Society of New York dates from 1842.
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Philip the Bold
Duke of Burgundy; born in 1342, was the fourth son of John, King of France. He fought at Poitiers (1356), where, according to Froissart, he acquired the surname of the Bold. He shared his father's captivity in England, and on his return his father made him Duke of Touraine, gave him the Duchy of Burgundy, and made him premier peer of France. During the insanity of Charles VI. he acted as 1 regent, retaining the regency till his death in 1404.
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Philiphaugh
on Yarrow Water, 3 miles W. S. W. of Selkirk, Scotland, the property from 1461 till 1889 of the line of the "Outlaw Murray" of the ballad. Here, Sept. 13, 1645, Montrose was defeated by David Leslie, who butchered more than 100 Irish prisoners.
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Philippa
QUEEN, daughter of the Earl of Hainault; married to Edward III. of England in 1328. She accompanied Edward in some of his foreign expeditions, and at other times defended the kingdom in his absence.
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Philippe
a French general, born 1856; educated in Saint Cyr Military Academy, and Ecole Superieure de Guerre. Entering the army, he was rapidly promoted on account of his remarkable capacity for training cadets. In 1901 he was appointed to the faculty of the Ecole Superieure de Guerre uerre.. When the war broke out, in 1914, he was a of colonel a, and as such, was in command Charleroi, in Belgium, where he distinguished himself by holding back a vastly superior force of Germans. His skillful retreat on this occasion lead to his being given command of a division with which he participated in the first battle of the Marne. În May, 10 MARSHAL HENRI PÉTAIN 1915, in the Artois sector, he captured over 10,000 Gernans and a corresponding amount of war material. In the early part of 1916, he was placed in command of the troops defending Verdun, 4 days after the German attack had begun. At that moment, and at that point, Ger- Germany made her supreme effort. General Pétain met the Germans with a counterattack which drove them back and defeated them decisively. In recognition of this deed, he was made a marshal of France. In April, 1917, he became Chief of Staff, and a month later became French Commander-in-Chief, which position he held until the unification of all Allied forces under General Foch, in April, 1918, when he became a member of the General Staff. He visited the United States in 1920.
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Philippeville
a seaport of Algeria, the harbor of Constantine, from which it lies distant 54 miles N. N. E. There is a magnificent harbor (1882) protected by two moles, one 4,590 feet long, the other 1,310 feet. The town is quite new, having been built since 1838 on the site of the ancient Rusicada. Pop. about 30,000.
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Philippian
of or pertaining to PHILIPPI (q. v.), or its inhabitants; also a native or inhabitant of Philippi. The Epistle of Paul the apostle to the Philippians, an epistle addressed by St. Paul, in conjunction with Timothy, "to all the saints in Christ Jesus which are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons."
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Philippium
an element closely allied to cerium. Though described by Delafontain in 1888 as a newly discovered element, it was not till 1897 that it was acknowledged to be such by English chemists. Philippium has been found in gadolinite, samarskite and fergusonite.
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Philippopolis
Bulgaria, on the navigable Maritza; 110 miles W. by N. of Adrianople. It manufactures silk, cotton, tobacco, leather, etc., and prepares and exports attar of roses. outpost of the Macedonian kingdom, it was ruined by the Goths, captured by the Turks (1363), destroyed by an earthnovels quake (1818), burned (1846), and oc- (1909); cupied by the Russians 1878. Pop. about 50,000, of whom nearly half are Turks, Greeks, and others than Bulgarians.
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