Philippus
King of Macedonia, son of Amyntas, king of Macedonia. He learned the art of war from Epaminondas . He married Olympias , the daughter of Neoptolemus , king of the Molossi, and became father of Alexander the Great. Among the most important events of his reign was the battle of Chaeronea , which he won from the Greeks. The character of Philip is that of a sagacious, prudent, but artful and intriguing monarch. He was assassinated by Pausanias at the celebration of the nuptials of his daughter, in the forty-seventh year of his age and the twenty-fourth of his reign, about 336 years before the Christian era.
The last king of Macedonia of that IOOO CLASSICAL CHARACTERS name, a son of Demetrius. He aspired to become the friend of Hannibal. His intrigues were discovered by the Romans, who invaded his territories, and extorted peace from him on terms which were humiliating. He died in the forty-second year of his reign, 179 years before the Christian era.
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Phillips Academy
a school for boys located at Andover, Mass., and often called Phillips Andover. The school was chartered in 1780 and was founded as the result of a gift by the Phillips family. In 1901 an archæological department was added as the gift of two members of the alumni. The endowment is a large one, being close to two million dollars, while the grounds, buildings and equipment are valued at nearly three million. The work is entirely college-preparatory; Yale and Harvard being the colleges most frequently selected by the students. Among its alumni have of the famous names of Amerbeen some ican history.
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Phillipsburg
a city in Warren co., N. J., on the Delaware river, and on the Lackawanna, the Lehigh Valley, the Central of New Jersey, and the Pennsylvania railroads; 50 miles N. N. W. of Trenton. Two fine railroad bridges cross the river here and connect with Easton, Pa. Phillipsburg is in a limestone and iron-ore region; has several iron foundries, machine shops, railroad shops, a rolling mill, and manufactories of boilers, locomotives, mowers and reapers, and a pop. (1910) 13,903; (1920) 16,923.
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Phillpotts
EDEN, an English novelist, born in India in 1862. He was educated at Plymouth, England, and at the age of eighteen became a clerk in an insurance office, a position which he held for ten years. His first published novel was " Lying Prophets, " 1896. This was followed in regular succession by a large number of books, mostly depicting Devonshire life. His works include "Sons of the Morning" (1900); "The Good Red Earth" (1901); "The Secret Woman" the Hill" "The Forest (1905); on (1912); and "Brunel's Tower" (1915). He also published several plays.
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Philo
A Jewish writer of Alexandria, A. D. 40. His works related to the creation of the world, sacred history, and the laws and customs of the Jewish nation.
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Philoctetes
One of the Argonauts. He received from Hercules the arrows which had been dipped in the gall of the Hydra . The Greeks, in the tenth year of the Trojan war, were informed by the oracle that Troy could not be taken without these arrows. Philoctetes repaired to the Grecian camp, where he destroyed a number of the Trojans, among whom was Paris, with the arrows. The adventures of Philoctetes are the subject of one of the best tragedies of Sophocles .
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Philological Association
AMERICAN, a society whose object is the advancement of the study of philology. Founded in 1869, at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., under the leadership of Prof. William D. Whitney of Yale University. The original members were from the classical section of the Oriental Society. It has annual meetings in different cities of the United States and publishes its " Proceedings " or annual minutes of these meetings. In addition to these the Association publishes the " Transactions " which are composed of learned papers on philology submitted to the society and selected by the executive committee.
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Philology
in a popular sense: (1) Etymology, or the science of the origin of words. (2) Grammar, or the science of the construction of language in general and of individual languages. (3) Literary criticism, or the investigation of merits and demerits in style and diction. Of late years, however, a new and very extensive province has been added to the PHILOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 227 domain of philology. The term compre hends: ( 1) Phonology, or the knowledge of the sounds of the human voice; which appears to include orthography, or the system to be adopted when we endeavor to render, by our own alphabet, the sounds of a foreign language; (2) Etymology; (3) Ideology, or the science of the modification of language by grammatical forms, according to the various points of view from which men contemplate the ideas which words are meant to express.
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Philopemen
called the last of mander the Greeks., really their last great com- B. C., became He was born in Arcadia, 253 in 210, generalissimo of the Achaian tans. The League greatest, and conquered of the Sparthis his victories in long struggle was the battle of the Middle Academy, b. c Mantinea. He was put to death by 278 .; the New DY poison when a prisoner of the Messenians, 183 b. c.
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Philopoemen
A celebrated general of the Achaeans, born at Megalopolis. At an early age he distinguished himself in the field of battle, at the same time appearing fond of agriculture and a country life. He adopted Epaminondas as his model, and was not unsuccessful in imitating the prudence and other good qualities of the famous Theban. When Megalopolis was attacked by the Spartans, Philopoemen, then in his thirtieth year, gave the most decisive proofs of his valor. Raised to the rank of commander, he showed his ability to discharge that important trust by killing with his own hand Mechanidas, the tyrant of Sparta , and defeating his army. Sparta having become, after its conquest, tributary to the Achaeans, **Philopoemen enjoyed the triumph of having subdued one of the most powerful states of Greece. He was at length made prisoner by the Messenians, and was treated by their general, Dinocrates, with great severity. He was poisoned in his seventieth year, about 183 years before the Christian era.
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