Each of these 9 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
an Ionian city, in Asia Minor, originally a colony from Athens. It stood on a peninsula between the gulfs of Elais and Sr Smyrna, and had an excellent harbor; and the Phocæans were distinguished among the Greeks for their nautical enterprise. When the city was besieged by the Persians in the time of Cyrus, many of its inhabitants emigrated to Corsica; Massilia (Marseilles) was a Phocean colony. The ruins of Phocæa are still known as Karadscha Tokia.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a division of central Greece until the Turkish War (1912) and with Bulgaria (1913). Now forms with Phthiotis a department. Pop. (1911) 174,the country 574. The greater part of is occupied by the mountain range of PARNASSUS (q. v.). The state derives its chief historical importance from possessing the famous oracle of Delphi. 12. During the Peloponnesian war the Phocians were close allies of the Athenians. In the time of Philip of Macedon they were involved in a 10 years' war, commonly known as the Sacred or Phocian War, which ended disastrously for the (22 Phocians, the whole of whose cities in number) were destroyed, with one exception, and the inhabitants parceled out among the hamlets. PHŒBUS (i. e., "the Bright"), an epithet, and subsequently a name, of both to the Apollo. It had reference and to the youthful beauty of the god when, latterly, radiance of the sun, Apollo became identified with Helios, the sun god.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
fe'be, or Pewee, a familiar bird of the flycatcher family. The phoebe bird takes its name from its "humble monotones." It is a trusting, quiet bird, building its nest of moss and mud, lined with grass and long hairs, on beams or rafters about houses, barns, and bridges. The nest is repaired and occupied from year to year. Four to six white eggs are sometimes spotted with cinnamon at the larger end. The phoebe is about seven inches in length, with olivacious upper parts and whitish under parts. It may be distinguished from other birds by its black bill and a white margin half a feather in width on each side of its forked tail. It is a lively bird. It sails about the barnyard, living on insects caught dexterously on the wing. In the latitude of Iowa, the phoebes arrive from the south in April. After the nest is made ready and the eggs laid, about thirty days are required to hatch the young and enable them to fly. Some night in October the family takes flight for the Gulf States. See Wood Pewee Phoebe
fe'be, in Greek mythology, the daughter of Uranos and Gaea, and mother of Asteria and Leto. She presided at one time over the oracle at Delphi, but was succeeded by Apollo. Among the later poets, Artemis is sometimes called Phoebe, which means "the radiant one."
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
. See Apollo
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
fe-nish'a, a bit of sea coast at the eastern extremity of the Mediterranean. It lay at the foot of the Lebanon mountains. The chief cities were Tyre and Sidon. The Phoenicians appear to have been related to the Hebrews in point of language and race, but they were gross idolators. They established colonies throughout the Mediterranean region. Out of the cuneiform inscriptions of Babylonia and the hieroglyphics of Egypt they constructed the first alphabet, one of twenty-two letters. It was invented for commercial purposes--the keeping of accounts--and is the basis of our present alphabet. See Tyre ; Carthage ; Cadiz ; Solomon When history first reveals the Mediterranean, about 1600 B. C., it is dotted with the adventurous sails of the Phoenician navigators, and for centuries more they are the only real sailor folk. Half traders, half pirates, their crews crept from island to island, to barter with the natives or to sweep them off for slaves, as chance might best offer. Farther and farther the Phoenician merchants daringly sought wealth on the sea, until they passed even the Pillars of Hercules , into the open Atlantic, and until at last we see them exchanging the precious tin of Britain, the yellow amber of the Baltic, and the slaves and ivory of West Africa, for the spices, gold, scented wood, and precious stones of India.--West.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
a town in Chester co., Pa., at the confluence of French creek and the Schuylkill river, and on the Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and N. W. of Reading railroads; 23 miles Philadelphia. He Here are a seminary, several banks, many schools, bridge works, silk mill, steel mills, etc. Phenixville also has manufactories of copper and cotton goods. The assessed valuation is $3,500,000. Pop. (1910) 10,734; (1920) 10,484.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
piddock; the typical genus of the Pholadidæ. Shell long, cylindrical, accessory valves protecting the dorsal margin. Animal with a large, truncated foot, body with a fan-like termination. They live in symmetrical vertical burrows. Recent species 32, from most seas: fossil 25, from the Upper Lias onward.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
or PHONETICAL, representing sound; pertaining to the representation of sounds; a term applied to alphabetic or literal characters which represent sounds, as a, b, c; as opposed to ideographic, which represent objects or symbolize abstract ideas, as in Egyptian hieroglyphics. Phonetic spelling, a system of spelling in which the words are spelled exactly as they are pronounced, the sounds being represented by characters each of which represents a single sound. Phonetic printing was first suggested by Isaac Pitman, of Bath, England, and reduced to a system by him in conjunction with A. J. Ellis, in the years 1843-1846. Since that time many systems of phonetic spelling have been proposed and several are used by stenographers in the United States.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a description of the sounds uttered by the organs of speech. Also the representation of sounds by certain characters, each of which represents sound one sound, and always the same . Its special application is to alphabetical writing, in which sounds or articulations are represented by signs or letters, as opposed to the system in which the representation is by ideas, symbols, or of writcipher. Specifically, a method ing, or graphically representing language, invented by Isaac Pitman, of Bath, England. See SHORTHAND. Also means the art of using, or registering by of, the phonograph; the construction of phonographs.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia