Perseverance
the Calvinistic doctrine that those who are elected to eternal life, justified, adopted, and sanctified, will never permanently lapse from grace or be finally lost. Called more fully the perseverance of the saints. It is founded on Matt. xxiv: 24, John x: 27-29; Rom. viii: 29-39; Phil. i: 6, etc.
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Persian Literature
. See Literature
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Persian Powder
a preparation made from the flowers of Pyrethrum corneum or roseum, and reduced to the form of powder. It is used as an insecticide.
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Personal Equation
the correction of personal differences between particular individuals as to exactness in observations with astronomical instruments.
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Personification
the act of personifying, an embodiment, an impersonation. In rhetoric, a figure of speech, spe or a species of metaphor which consists in representing inanimate objects or abstract notions as endued with life and action, or possessing the attributes of living beings; prosopopeia; as, "Confusion heard his voice."
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Perspectograph
an instrument for the mechanical drawing of objects in perspective. The object is placed in front of the eye, which is applied to a small hole. A movable hinged bar is so adjusted as to bring a point between the eye_and a certain part of the object. The bar is then folded down and the mark transferred to the paper. A series of such marks affords data for the drawing of the object.
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Perspiration
watery matter "breathed out," or made to expire from the system by means of the pores in the skin. The quantity varies greatly, and is affected by the amount of heat or dry ness in the atmosphere, by the fluid drunk, by the exercise taken, by the relative activity of the kidneys, by medicine etc. Besides keeping the skin in a healthy, moist condition, and acting as a refrigerator, perspiration takes its share in carrying off superfluous or noxious matter from the system. If stopped, morbid consequences are sure, sooner or later, to ensue. The horse perspires freely all over the body; the pig does so on the snout; the cat chiefly on the soles of the feet; the dog from the same part, but not to the same extent. Rabbits, and the rodentia generally, appear not to sweat at all. It is used also of the transudation of water through pores of plants. According to Hales, the perspiration of plants plants is proportionately 17 times as copious as that of animals.
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Perth
the capital of Western Australia, occupies a picturesque site on the N. bank of the Swan river, 12 miles from Fremantle, its port, at the mouth of the river. Perth is the headquarters of banking for the colony, and the center of the principal railway lines, including the Great Southern railway to Albany. Pop. (1917) 130,000.
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Perth (City and royal)
a city and royal and parliamentary burgh of Scotland, capital of the county of the same name, on the right bank of the Tay, and at the common junction of railways from Dundee, Aberdeen, Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Inverness. The North and South Inches, two fine public parks, and a fine bridge e bridge of nine arches lead to the suburb of Bridgend. Perth has many handsome public Church and private, a Gothic buildings building partly. St. John's the Episcopal cathedral, the ancient; county buildings, the municipal buildings, station the penitentiary, the largest, and in the railway Perth is celebrated for its bleachfields Scotland. and dye works. It manufactures cotton goods linen,, carriages ginghams, castings, winceys, etc., plaids, table is navigable to the city for The river Perth is generally supposed small to vessels be of. Roman origin. Its earliest known charter is dated 1106; but it was first erected into a royal burgh in are among 1210 by William the Lion. Till the death of James I., 1437, it was the capital of in Scotland. Pop. (1918) 119,300.
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Perth Amboy
a city and port of entry in Middlesex co., N. J.; at the head of Raritan Bay and the mouth of Raritan river, and on the Staten Island Rapid Transit, the Central of New Jersey, the Pennsylvania, and the Lehigh Valley railroads; 27 miles S. W. of New York; opposite ite the S. end of Staten Island. Here are a high school, Old Ministers' Home (Pres.), public library, waterworks, electric lights, several banks, and a number of daily and weekly newspapers. It has manufactories of cork, stoneware pottery, firebrick, chemicals, oil, terra cotta, hollow brick and emery. Perth Amboy was settled about 1680 by a colony from Scotland. It received a city charter in 1718. William Franklin, the last British governor of New Jersey, was captured here in 1776. Pop. ( 1910) 32,121; ( 1920) 41,707.
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Perthshire
an inland county of Scotland, mostly in the highlands. The Grampian mountains traverse it, Ben Lawers reaching a height of 3,984 feet, and the lakes are numerous. The rivers Forth and Tay run through scenes among the most romantic in Scotland. There is much quarrying, and in the valleys agricultural farming, crops are plentiful. Dairy sheep breeding and weaving the industries, but much of the land is given over to deer preserves. Capital, Perth. Pop. about 125,000.
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Pertinax
PUBLIUS HELVIUS, a Roman emperor; born in A. D. 126, the son of a freedman. He distinguished himself in the army, and attracted the attention of Marcus Aurelius, who elevated him to the consulate in 179. Duremployed in Britain and Africa, and fining the reign of Commodus, Pertinax was ally made prefect of Rome. Af After the murder of Commodus he was proclaimed emperor in 193, but in three months was murdered by the prætorian guards.
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Perturbation
any disturbance or irregularity in the movement of a planet in its orbit. Every heavenly body, by the law of gravitation, possesses an attractive power over every other one. When, therefore, the orbits of any two approach, each causes a perturbation in the movement of the other. Magnetic perturbation, irregular declination of the magnetic needle. This may be produced by earthquakes, by volcanic eruption, by the aurora borealis, etc.
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Peru (City and county-seat of Miami)
a city and county-seat of Miami co., Ind .; on the Wabash river, best known. and on the Lake Erie and Western, the years in the Wabash, and the Chesapeake and Ohio Stanze of the railroads; 75 miles N. of Indianapolis. to Perugia Here are a public library, City Hospital, Raphael waterworks, electric lights, National ic lights, National and State banks, and several daily and weekly newspapers. It has railroad shops, and manufactories of flax, carriages, baskets, foundry products, glass, furniture, flour, woolen goods, carbon, etc. Pop. (1910) 10,910; (1920) 12,410.
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