Pforzheim
a manufacturing town of Baden; at the N. border of the Black Forest, 20 miles S. E. of Carlsruhe. In contains the remains of an ancient castle, from 1300 to 1565 the residence of the Margraves of Baden-Durlach, and was the birthplace of Reuchlin. The town is famous for the manufacture of gold and silver ornaments, has chemical and iron works, machine-shops, tanneries, paper and other factories. There is a trade in timber, cattle, ornaments, etc. The town was burned by the French in 1689. Pop. about 50,000. PHÆDO, a Greek philosopher of Elis, who flourished about 400 b. c., was originally but obtained his freedom by the interest of Socrates, whose disciple he became, and remained with him till his death. 'After this he settled at his native place, where he founded a school of philosophy.
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Phaedra
A daughter of Minos and Pasiphae, who married Theseus . She became the mother of Acamas and Demophoon. She brought an unjust accusation against Hippolytus (a son of Theseus before she married him), who was killed by the horses in his chariot taking fright, causing him to be thrown under the wheels and crushed to death. On hearing this Phaedra acknowledged the falseness of the charge she had brought against Hippolytus, and hanged herself in despair. 2026 Editor's Note: Phaedra's accusation against Hippolytus became the central subject of Euripides' tragedy, which was first produced for the City Dionysia of Athens in 428 BC and won first prize The surviving version portrays Phaedra resisting Aphrodite's spell rather than acting from shameless desire, a revision that gave her greater dignity and made Hippolytus' pursuit of purity more dramatically effective (Ed: BR 2026-06-25)
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Phaeton
in Greek mythology, according to Ovid, a son of the sun, or Phœbus. Venus became enamored of him, and intrusted him with the care of one of her temples. This favor rendered him vain, and led to his asking his father's permission to drive his chariot German one day. Phœbus represented the dangers to which this would expose him; but in vain. He undertook the aërial jour ney. The flying horses immediately departed from the usual track. Phaëton repented too late of his rashness; heaven with a uniand earth were threatened versal conflagration, when Jupiter struck the rider with a thunderbolt, and hurled him headlong down into the river Po. His body, consumed with fire, was found by the nymphs of the place. There was a drama by Euripides on Phaëton. Also an open carriage like a chaise, on four wheels, and drawn by two horses.
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Phagocytes
microscopic masses of protoplasm capable of occurring in the ameboid movements, occur blood lymph, and bone marrow, where they absorb and assimilate bacteria and microbes appearing therein.
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Phalanger
in zoölogy, the popular English name for any individual of the sub-family Phalangistinæ. Phalangers are small woolly-coated marsupials, with opposable great toes, which are destitute of a nail. They are, for the most part, vegetable feeders, though some are insectivorous. They may be grouped in two classes, those with, and those without, a flying membrane.
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Phalarope
the popular name of any individual of the genus Phalaropus, extending throughout northern Europe and northern Asia. The red or rednecked phalarope (P. hyperboreus), about the size of a san sandpiper, has the upper parts blackish-gray, the feathers edged with red, sides of the neck chestnut; thorax, breast, and belly white. ) is so The gray phalarope (P. fulicarius called from the prevailing hue of its winter plumage; in summer the upper | parts exhibit a mixture of black, white, and yellow; breast and under parts reddish chestnut. It is rather larger than the first species. Wilson's phalarope (P. wilsonii) is a North American bird; the lobes of the toes have a narrower border, and the legs are longer and slenderer minute crustacea, and their flesh is oily and unpalatable.
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Phallism
the worship of the fertilizing power of nature under the symbol of the phallus. The idea that natural productions were engendered in a manner akin to the propagation of man and the lower animals is poetically expressed by Vergil and Lucretius. Phallism appears to have been at first an independent cult, but was afterward adopted into other forms of worship. The Phœnicians ascribed its introduction into their worship to Adonis; the Egyptians to Osiris, the Phrygians to Atys, and the Greeks to Dionysos.
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Phaon
A boatman of Mitylene, in Lesbos. He received a box of ointment from Venus , who had presented herself to him in the form of an old woman. When he had rubbed himself with the unguent he became beautiful, and Sappho , the celebrated poetess, became enamored of him. For a short time he devoted himself to her, but soon treated her with coldness, upon which she threw herself into the sea and was drowned. 2026 Editor's Note: Sappho and Phaon , a neoclassical painting by Jacques‑Louis David completed in 1809, shows Cupid returning her lyre while Phaon cradles her head. It is the only painting by David in the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg. (Ed: BR 2026-06-27)
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Pharmacopeia
a book containing the prescriptions for the preparation of medicines recognized by the general body of practitioners. Up till 1863 separate pharmacopeias were issued by the Colleges of Physicians of London, Edinburgh, and Dublin. Since then a British pharmacopœia, issued by the medical council of the kingdom, is recognized by the whole medical profession of Great than in the other species. They feed on Britain. There is also an American pharmacopœia.
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Pharmacy
or PHARMACEUTICS, the art of preparing, compounding, and combining substances for medical purposes; the art of the apothecary.
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Pharnaces
a King of Pontus; the son of Pontus, the son of Mithridates V., and grandfather of Mithridates the Great. He made war against the King of Pergamus, and reigned between 190- 157 b. c.
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Pharnaces
King of Bosporus; son of Mithridates VI., King of the Cimmerian Pontus, and revolted with the army against his father, who slew himself in despair, 63 b. c. Pharnaces cultivated the friendship of the Romans, and in the war between Cæsar and Pompey, he remained neutral; but Cæsar declared war against and defeated him 47 B. c., after a struggle of three days only. It was on that occasion that Cæsar wrote to the Roman senate, in allusion to his easy triumph: "I came, saw, and conquered" (Veni, vidi, vici). Pharnaces died shortly afterward.
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