Each of these 10 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
an alloy of three or four parts of copper with one of zinc. It was hit upon by Chr. Pinchbeck, a London watchmaker of the eighteenth century. The alloy has the appearance of gold. It is much used in the manufacture of cheap jewelry. From its application to bogus gold the term pinchbeck has extended to shams generally, as "pinchbeck society," "pinchbeck patriotism," etc.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
GIFFORD, forester of the State of Pennsylvania. Born 1865 at Simsbury, Conn., and graduated from Yale in the class of '89. After studying forestry abroad in Germany and Switzerland he became professor of forestry at Yale in 1903. While he held this position he also held office under the United States Government. During Roosevelt's administration Pinchot as chief of the forestry bureau took a leading part in the movement for the preservation of our national resources. He resigned his position in 1911 because of his disagreement with the policies of the Taft administration. Appointed by Governor Sproul in 1920 forester of Pennsylvania.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
CHARLES COTES- WORTH, an American statesman; born in Charleston, S. C., Feb. 25, 1746. He was sent to England and educated at Westminster and at Christ Church, Oxford, read law at the Middle Temple, and studied for a while at the military academy in Caen, France. He afterward settled as a lawyer at Charleston, S. C. He was Washington's aide-de-camp at the battles of Brandywine and Germantown. In 1780 he was taken prisoner at the surrender of Charleston, and held to the close of the war. A member of the convention that framed the Constitution of the United States (1787), he introduced the clause forbidding religious tests as a qualification for office. He declined the secretaryship of war in 1794, and of state in 1795; in 1796 he was sent as minister to France, but the Directory refused to receive him. While on this mission it was intimated that peace might be granted in return for a money payment; he made the reply, "Millions for defense, but not a cent for tribute." In 1800-1808 he was thrice an unsuccessful Federalist candidate for the presidency. He died Aug. 16, 1825.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
A celebrated lyric poet of Thebes . When he was young it is said that a swarm of bees settled on his lips and left on them some honey, which was regarded as a prognostic of his future greatness. He commenced his career as a poet at an early age, and was soon employed by different states and princes in all parts of the Hellenic world to compose for them choral songs for special occasions. He continued to preserve to his latest days the respect of all parts of Greece. After his death great respect was shown to his memory, and a statue was erected in his honor in one of the most public places in Thebes. Pindar is said to have died at the age of eighty-six, B. C. 435. Of his works, the odes only are extant: they are admired for sublimity of sentiment and grandeur of expression.
Only in 1000 Classical Characters
the ancient name of the principal mountain range of Northern Greece, forming the watershed of the country and the boundary between Thessaly and Epirus. It was, like Helicon and Parnassus, a seat of Apollo and the Muses.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
or PINE GROS- BEAK, Pyrrhula or Pinicola enucleator, a wellknown bird with head, neck, fore part of breast, and rump bright red; back grayish-brown or black, edged with red; lower parts light gray; two white bands on the dusky wings; larger than red the bullfinch. Common in the Arctic regions, whence it migrates S. in numbers in the United States, more sparingly in Europe; called also pinefinch and pine grosbeak.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
or PINE BEETLE (Hylophagus piniperda), a species of beetle which infests Scotch pines. It feeds on the young shoots of these trees and eats its way into the heart, thus converting the shoot into a tube.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
an animal, Mustela martes, distributed over Europe and Asia. The body is long and lithe, about 18 inches, with a tail two-thirds that length; legs short, paws with five digits armed with claws; snout sharp, vibrissæ long; fur dark brown, lighter on cheeks about 13,000. and snout; throat, and under side of neck light-yellow. It is arboreal, and frequents coniferous woods, whence its popular name. The female makes a nest of moss and leaves, sometimes occupying those of squirrels or woodpeckers and killing the rightful owners.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
the fiber yielded by the leaves of the pineapple plant. In China and the Philippines the fleshy surfaces of the long leaf are cut off with a plane. The fibers are then removed from about the middle of the leaf by hand. They are steeped in water, washed, dried, and bleached. Pineapple fiber is long, white, and silky, and is one of the strongest of vegetable fibers. A small strand tested against an equal quantity of flax sustained a weight of ninety pounds more than that sustained by the flax. It is prepared readily for spinning. The individual filaments are flexible, fine, and of regular size. In Europe pineapple fiber is used in the manufacture of novelty fabrics, and in mixtures with silk, wool, and cotton. In China a coarse cloth resembling grass cloth is made from it. In Central Mexico it is used in making ropes, twine, thread, hammocks, and bagging. In the Philippines the famous pina cloth is made from the fiber of the wild pineapple. Pina cloth is thin, soft, of delicate texture, and great durability. Efforts have been made to utilize the fiber from the leaves of the Florida pineapple, but with indifferent success. A ton of pineapple leaves yields from forty-five to sixty pounds of fiber. No practicable machinery has yet been invented for extracting the fiber from the leaves.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
SIR ARTHUR WING, an English dramatist; born in London, May 24, 1855. A lawyer's son, he studied for the law, then became an actor, and ultimately left the stage for dramatic about 3,500. in tennis. ARTHUR W. PINERO authorship. His first comedy, "Two Can Play at That Game," was produced in 1877, and was followed by "Two Hun- Year" (1877); "The Money dred a Spinner" (1880); "The Magistrate" (1885); "Dandy Dick" (1887); "His House in Order" (1906); "Thunderbolt" Phlox subulata. (1909); "Mind the Paint Girl" (1912); etc. ease in horses.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia