Pinerolo
or PIGNEROL (province of Turin) a town of North Italy, at the E. Turin foot. of the Alps, 23 miles S. W. of 1547, near From 1042 a town of Savoy, it Scotland, till was 1713 strongly fortified, having the Protector among other defenses a citadel, in which number the and Man with the Iron Mask, Lauzun, terly Fouquet were imprisoned. This said, being fortress was in French hands from 1536 pursuit, to 1574, again from 1630 to 1696, from barely 200. 1704 to 1706, and from 1801 to 1814. The town contains a cathedral and a diplomatist technical school. Cloth, paper, leather, March 17 cotton, and silk are manufactured. Pop.
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Pines
ISLE OF, an island S. of Cuba belonging to that country. It is about 40 miles S. E. of the S. coast of the province of Pinar Del Rio. Its total area is about 840 square miles. The production of fruits is the principal industry, although there is extensive cattle raising. In recent years large numbers of people from the United States have settled on the island and tentative efforts have been made to have it come into possession of the United States. The capital is Nueva Gerona. Pop.
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Ping-Pong
table lawn tennis, a game that was introduced from England and became very popular in the United States in 1902. The game is played very much as is the regular game of tennis. Across the center of a table a net about six inches high is stretched; the rackets and balls are proportionately small, the former being strung with fine gut, or formed from a single piece of vellum stretched tightly over a racket frame; and the latter being made of celluloid. The scoring is the same as
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Pinguicula
a genus of plants of the natural order Lentibulariaceæ, with rosettes of fleshy radical leaves, and solitary purple, violet, or yellow flowers.
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Pinion
The smaller of two toothed wheels which are geared into one another. The tooth of a pinion is called a pinion leaf.
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Pink
in art, a class of pigments of yellow or greenish-yellow color, prepared by precipitating vegetable juices on a white earth, such as chalk, alumina, etc., and used only in water colors. The varieties are Italian pink, brown pink, rose pink, and Dutch pink. In botany, the genus Dianthus, of about 70 known species. The majority are cultivated in gardens; specifically, Dianthus plumarius, the garden pink. Also various plants superficially resembling it in flowers; thus, the cushion pink is Silene acaulis, the moss pink,
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Pink-Eye
a highly contagious dis-
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Pinkerton, Allan
Allan (1819-1884), a celebrated American detective. A native of Scotland. Pinkerton came to this country a penniless boy. His first efforts at earning money were sawing wood at fifty cents a day. His first efforts in the detective line were in the secret service of Chicago. He was the first detective of that city. In 1850 he set up independently and made a specialty of bank and express robberies. Pinkerton accompanied President Lincoln to Baltimore on the way to his first inauguration. He was attached to the secret service of the Army of West Virginia . He joined McClellan's command on the peninsula in the same capacity, and became finally known as Major Pinkerton. Toward the close of the war he established Pinkerton's National Detective Agency at Chicago, with offices at New York and Philadelphia. Pinkerton was a man of great energy, with a dignified demeanor, and notwithstanding that he was familiar with all the arts and wiles and iniquities of criminals, he was considered the soul of honor and distinctly repudiated the adage, "Set a rogue to catch a rogue." He wrote a volume of reminiscences, Thirty Years a Detective. He is credited with breaking up the " Molly Maguires " of the Pennsylvania coal region. See Molly Maguires ; Bertillon
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Pinkie
a battle fought on Sept. 10, Musselburgh in Midlothian, between 14,000 English under Somerset and twice that of Scotch. The latter were utdefeated, more than 10,000, it is killed on the field and in the while the English loss was
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Pinkney
WILLIAM, an American ; born in Annapolis, Md., , 1764; was admitted to the bar in 1786; was a member of the Legislature of his State that ratified the Constitution of the United States. In 1796 Washington appointed him a commissioner to determine the claims of American merchants to compensation for losses and damages caused by the English government. In 1806 he was sent with James Monroe to treat with the English government regarding violations of the rights of neutrals and was resident minister in London in 1807- 1811, when President Madison appointed him attorney - general of the United States. In 1816 he was appointed minister to Russia and special envoy to Naples. In 1820 he was elected to the United States Senate. He died in Washington, D. C., Feb. 25, 1822.
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Pinkroot
Spigelia marilandica, a medicinal herb found in the United States.
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Pinks
. See Carnations
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Pinna
a genus of Aviculidæ; shell sometimes two feet long, equivalve; umbones anterior, posterior side truncated and gaping; hinge, edentulous; animal with a doubly fringed mantle and an elongated grooved foot; shell attached by a strong byssus spun by the animal; sometimes mixed with silk and woven into gloves; known species, recent, 30 from the United States, Great Britain, the Mediterranean, Australia, etc.
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Pinnace
a man-of-war's boat, next in size to the launch; it is carvel built, usually from 28 to 32 feet long, has a beam .29 to 25 of its length, and is rowed by six or eight oars. Also, a small schooner-rigged vessel provided with oars or sweeps.
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Pinnacle
an ornament placed on the top of a buttress as a termination to an angle or gable of a house, church, or tower; any lesser structure of any form rising above the roof of a bui ding, or capping and terminating the higher parts of other buildings or of buttresses. Pinnacles are frequently decorated, and have the shafts formed into to niches, paneled er plain.
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Pinnate
a botanical term meaning divided into several or many smaller leaves or leaflets; having simple leaflets arranged on both sides of a common petiole. In zoölogy, a term meaning shaped like a feather; having lateral processes. Also, provided with fins.
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