Plica Polonica
Polish ringworm; a disease characterized at first by tenderness and inflammation of the scalp , after which theirs become swollen, their follicles secr ng a large quantity of viscid reddish-colored fluid, which glues them into tufts or masses. The disease is probably caused chiefly by filth. It is endemic in Poland, Russia, and Tartary.
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Plinth
The square member at the bottom of the base of a column. Also, the projecting band forming the base of a wall, etc. See COLUMN.
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Plisthenes
Son of Atreus , and husband of Aerope or Eriphyle, by whom he became the father of Agamemnon , Menelaus , and Anaxibia. Plotina, Pompeia. The wife of the emperor Trajan, who persuaded her husband to adopt Hadrian.
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Plock
a town of Russian Poland, on the right bank of the Vistula, 60 miles N. W. of Warsaw. Its principal building is the cathedral, built in the 11th century. One of the oldest towns in Poland, Plock was the capital of ancient Masovia, and was severely ravaged by the heathen Prussians, ns, the Lithuanians, and the Swedes. During the World War the town suffered severely by being bombarded and fought over in the struggle between German and Russian forces. Pop. about 40,000. PLOMBIÈRES, a town in the French department of Vosges, 14 miles S. of Epinal; sprang into fashion through the favor of Napoleon III., though the virtues of its waters were known ever since the times of the Romans. There are nearly 30 springs, ranging in temperature from 66° to 150° F.; their waters are helpful against skin diseases, gout, rheumatism, dyspepsia, female complaints, etc. The permanent population is about 2,000. Greek philosopher,
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Plotinus
a founder of the Neo-Platonic school; was born in Lycopolis, Egypt, A. D. 203. He was trained in the school of Alexandria, under Ammonius Saccas, then visited the East, and about 244 settled at Rome, where he spent the rest of his life as a teacher and writer. Porphyry, his most eminent disciple, wrote his life, and arranged and published his works, divided into six sets of nine books each ("Enneads"). Plotinus was profound a thinker and a deeply religious man, and his system, a sort of mystical idealism, a combination of Platonic with Oriental notions. He died in Campania, in 270.
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Plowman
Piers. See Langland
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Plumbago
. See Graphite
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Plumber's Solder
Solder for lead is composed of tin 1, lead 1 1/2; flux with tallow or rosin. For tin: tin 1, lead 2; flux with rosin and sweet-oil. A useful solder for general purposes is made from lead 5, tin 3, bismuth 1. See SOLDERING; SOLDERS.
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Plunkett
SIR HORACE CUR- ZON, an Irish leader, born in 1854 of a noble family, he attended both Eton and Oxford University. Soon after graduating from Oxford he went to a ranch in Montana and lived there ten years, gaining that sympathetic understanding of the farmer's needs that has distinguished his work for Ireland. In 1894, after his return to Ireland he founded the Irish Agricultural Organization Society which has accomplished a great work for Irish Agriculture. From 1892 to 1900 he was a Unionist member of Parliament, serving most of the time on Commissions having to do with Irish affairs. Lukewarm at first toward the cause of Irish Home Rule, Sir Horace finally became an exponent onent of it in 1914. He presided over the convention called by the Prime Minister in 1917 and wrote the majority report. He has recently espoused the cause of a Dominion government for Ireland.
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Plutarchus
The celebrated biographer, was born at Chaeronea , his father being distinguished for his learning and virtues. After traveling in quest of knowledge, he retired to Rome, where he opened a school. Subsequently he removed to Chaeronea, where he died at an advanced age about the 140th year of the Christian era. His most esteemed work is the Lives of Illustrious Men.
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Plutonic Rocks
rocks of igneous or aqueo-igneous origin, believed to have 179,395. been formed at a great depth and under superincumbent great pressure of the rocks, or in some cases, perhaps, of the ocean. They have been melted, and of Plymouth co., Bay, and on the New York, cooled very slowly so as to permit them plutonic rocks to crystallize. Under the are comprehended granites, syenites, and some porphyries, diorite, tonalite, and leading gabbro. They belong to all the geological periods, even the Tertiary.
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Pluviose
the name adopted, in October, 1793, by the French Convention republican for the fifth month of the It commenced on Jan. 20, and was year. the second winter month.
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Plymouth Rock
PLYMOUTH, MASS. Keystone View Company
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Plymouth Sound
an arm of the sea, on the S. W. coast of England, between the counties of Devon and Cornwall. It is about 3 miles wide at its entrance, bounded by elevated land, which descends abruptly to the sea. It contains Drake Island, which is fortified, and the celebrated Plymouth breakwater. See PLYMOUTH.
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Pneumatic Clock
One of a series of clocks governed by pulsations of air, sent to them at regular intervals through tubes which are controlled and operated by a master clock. Repeating clock. The mechanism by which a clock or watch may be made to strike the hours and minutes by pulling or pushing a cord or rod, so as to tell the time without looking at the dial, was invented in 1676 by Wm. Derham. It immediately became popular, and the idea was taken up by many English, French and German horologists. It was at first applied only to clocks, but was subsequently put into watches as well, and forms the origin of the repeating watches of the present day.
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Pneumatic Cranes
Are being extensively used because of their convenience, especially for moderate duty. The transmission of air under pressure results in none of the annoyances from leakage incident to steam and hydraulic piping, and obviates all trouble in disposing of the exhaust, as this may be allowed to discharge anywhere without inconveniencing any one. See CRANES.
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Pneumatic Gun
a gun operated by compressed air.
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Pneumatic Lifts
These lifts are now becoming common among blast-furnaces in different parts of the world, as compressed air is readily obtained from the blowing-engines which supply the furnaces. A wrought-iron cylinder, with its top end closed, somewhat longer than the distance to be travelled is suspended in a tank by counter-weights, after the manner of a gasometer. Air at three or four pounds above the atmospheric pressure is forced into the tank through a pipe. The load is lifted to the height required, and as the whole of the working parts are balanced, the amount of power required is only what will be sufficient to elevate the load. The return stroke is obtained by allowing the air to escape through a valve into the atmosphere, the empty wagon being weight sufficient to lower the bell in the tank. The motive power for the Gjers pneumatic lift is obtained from a pair of double-acting air-pumps, the lift being effected by the pressure of the atmosphere acting against a vacuum in a cylinder, the empty wagon being returned by the compression of air on the under side of the piston. See ELEVATOR.
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