Pin and Cotter
An arrangement for pinning flasks, consisting of a wrought iron or steel pin, with forged or turned shoulder, to rest in holes provided in the drag, to which it is made fast by a nut which is screwed on the small end of the pin. The cotter-hole is forged in the pin, so that when the cotter is driven home its upper edge touches the upper part of the hole, while the lower one rests on the lug or flange of the cope, and clear of the hole entirely; thus by this means drawing cope and nowel close together and holding them. See SNUG.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding
Pin Pallet Escapement
This escapement is not often met with except in French clocks, and the escapement is generally exported. It is difficult to keep the oil on the pallets, and for other reasons it is not a favorite escapement either with English or American watchmakers.
Only in American Watchmaker and Jeweler
Pin Vise
An improved form of pin vise is that shown in Fig. 250, manufactured by A. J. Logan. It is hollow throughout its entire length and closes together, the same as a chuck on the American lathe. It will hold a small drill or wire perfectly true and will be found very useful for many purposes.
Only in American Watchmaker and Jeweler
Pin Wheel Escapement
An escapement for clocks which is now rarely used. It was invented by Lepaute about 1753. It is open to the same objections that the pin pallet is, it being very difficult to keep the pins oiled.
Only in American Watchmaker and Jeweler
Pinacothek
or PINAKOTHEK, a name sometimes applied in Germany to galleries of art, especially collections of paintings. The Pinacothek formed at Munich by Louis I. of Bavaria is particularly famous.
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Pinar Del Rio
one of the provinces of Cuba comprising the W. end of the island. It has an area of about 5,000 square miles. A range of mountains runs lengthwise through the province. In the southern slope are the famous tobacco fields of Vuelta Abajo where the finest tobacco in the world is grown. Other products are sugar cane, coffee and fruits. Cotton is also produced in the lowlands. Cattle raising and mining are also of some importance. The capital is the city of the same name. Pop., province, about 275,000; city, about 12,000.
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Pinchbeck
an alloy of three or four parts of copper with one of zinc. It was hit upon by Chr. Pinchbeck, a London watchmaker of the eighteenth century. The alloy has the appearance of gold. It is much used in the manufacture of cheap jewelry. From its application to bogus gold the term pinchbeck has extended to shams generally, as "pinchbeck society," "pinchbeck patriotism," etc.
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Pinchot
GIFFORD, forester of the State of Pennsylvania. Born 1865 at Simsbury, Conn., and graduated from Yale in the class of '89. After studying forestry abroad in Germany and Switzerland he became professor of forestry at Yale in 1903. While he held this position he also held office under the United States Government. During Roosevelt's administration Pinchot as chief of the forestry bureau took a leading part in the movement for the preservation of our national resources. He resigned his position in 1911 because of his disagreement with the policies of the Taft administration. Appointed by Governor Sproul in 1920 forester of Pennsylvania.
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Pinckney
CHARLES COTES- WORTH, an American statesman; born in Charleston, S. C., Feb. 25, 1746. He was sent to England and educated at Westminster and at Christ Church, Oxford, read law at the Middle Temple, and studied for a while at the military academy in Caen, France. He afterward settled as a lawyer at Charleston, S. C. He was Washington's aide-de-camp at the battles of Brandywine and Germantown. In 1780 he was taken prisoner at the surrender of Charleston, and held to the close of the war. A member of the convention that framed the Constitution of the United States (1787), he introduced the clause forbidding religious tests as a qualification for office. He declined the secretaryship of war in 1794, and of state in 1795; in 1796 he was sent as minister to France, but the Directory refused to receive him. While on this mission it was intimated that peace might be granted in return for a money payment; he made the reply, "Millions for defense, but not a cent for tribute." In 1800-1808 he was thrice an unsuccessful Federalist candidate for the presidency. He died Aug. 16, 1825.
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Pindarus
A celebrated lyric poet of Thebes . When he was young it is said that a swarm of bees settled on his lips and left on them some honey, which was regarded as a prognostic of his future greatness. He commenced his career as a poet at an early age, and was soon employed by different states and princes in all parts of the Hellenic world to compose for them choral songs for special occasions. He continued to preserve to his latest days the respect of all parts of Greece. After his death great respect was shown to his memory, and a statue was erected in his honor in one of the most public places in Thebes. Pindar is said to have died at the age of eighty-six, B. C. 435. Of his works, the odes only are extant: they are admired for sublimity of sentiment and grandeur of expression. 2026 Editor's Note: While ancient critics like Quintilian lauded Pindar for his "rolling flood of eloquence," his work was already considered inaccessible to the general public as early as the 5th century BC. Modern scholars have since determined that his perceived idiosyncrasies were actually standard features of the archaic genre, a discovery aided by the 1896 recovery of poems by his rival Bacchylides. (Ed: BR 2026-07-10)
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Pindus
the ancient name of the principal mountain range of Northern Greece, forming the watershed of the country and the boundary between Thessaly and Epirus. It was, like Helicon and Parnassus, a seat of Apollo and the Muses.
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Pine Bullfinch
or PINE GROS- BEAK, Pyrrhula or Pinicola enucleator, a wellknown bird with head, neck, fore part of breast, and rump bright red; back grayish-brown or black, edged with red; lower parts light gray; two white bands on the dusky wings; larger than red the bullfinch. Common in the Arctic regions, whence it migrates S. in numbers in the United States, more sparingly in Europe; called also pinefinch and pine grosbeak.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia