Pons Asinorum
ponz as-i-no'rum, Latin for the Bridge of Asses. In the English grammar school the term is applied to the fifth proposition of the first book of Euclid's Geometry, namely: That if a triangle has two equal sides, the angles opposite those sides are also equal. It was considered that dull students would show their inferiority by holding back at this proposition, as asses do when led over a bridge. See Euclid ; Geometry
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Pont-A-Mousson
a town of France, department of Meurthe-et-Moselle; the Moselle, 18 miles N. N. W. of Nancy E. of Metz. There is a fine and 18 S. S. Gothic church of the 13th century dedicated to St. Martin. The former abbey of St. Mary is now a seminary. The town was the birthplace of Marshal Duroc, the friend of Napoleon. Pop. about 15,000. Was the scene of heavy fighting in the World War (1914-1918).
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Pontchartrain
RTRAIN, LAKE, in Louisiana, about 5 miles N. of New Orleans, is 40 miles long and 25 wide. It is and comnavigated by small steamers, municates with the Gulf of Mexico. The drainage of New Orleans is carried into the lake through canals.
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Pontefract
or POMFRET, a market-town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England; an eminence near the influx of the Calder to the Aire, 13 miles S. E. of Leeds. It stands on the line of a Roman road, but seems to have arisen round its Norman castle, which, founded about 1076 by Ilbert de Lacy, was the scene of the execution or murder of the Earl of Lancaster (1322), Richard II. (1400), and Earl Rivers (1483), was taken in the Pilgrimage of Grace (1536), and during the Great Rebellion sustained four sieges, being finally dismantled in 1649, after its capture by Lambert. There are two old churches, a town hall (rebuilt 1796), a market hall (1860), grammar school of Edward VI. a (1549), and large market gardens and nurseries, the growing of liquorice for the lozenges called "Pomfret cakes" being a specialty as old as about 1562.
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Pontiac
a celebrated Indian chief of the Ottawa tribe; born about 1712. He was the leader in Pontiac's War, and was killed in Illinois in 1769.
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Pontiac
a city of Michigan, the county-seat of Oakland co. It is on the Clinton river, and on the Grand Trunk and the Pontiac, Oxford, and Northern railroads. It is situated in the midst of a picturesque lake region and is noted for its hunting and fishing. It has a large trade in wool, fruit, and farm manufacture of automobiles, wagons, farm machinery, paints and varnishes, foundry products, flour, etc. It is the seat of the State Hospital for the In- It has a public library and other sane. public buildings. Pop. (1910) 14,532; (1920) 34,273.
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Pontiac's War
an Indian war of 1763 between the English settlers and garrisons on the frontiers, and a combination of the Delawares, Wyandots, Shawnees, Mingoes, Chippewas, and Indian tribes, under leaderother ship of Pontiacar The ware lasted two and was marked by ferocious and years bloody battles in which some garrisons annihilated. An unsucwere completely cessful attack was made on Detroit in 1763.
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Pontifex
a bridge builder; a title given to the more illustrious members of the Roman colleges of priests. Their number was originally five, the president being styled styled Pontifex Maximus. The number was afterward increased to nine, and later still to 15. It is now the title of the Pope.
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Pontigny
a village of the French department of Yonne, 10 miles N. E. of Auxerre, with a famous Cistercian monastery, dating from the 12th century. was burial place of St. of Canterbury. Canterbury. Here Thomas Becket found refuge in refuge in 1164-1166; as did Stephen Langton in the next century. The monastery was devastated by the Huguenots in 1567, and finally destroyed at the Revolution; but the church (mainly 1150-1170) is the most perfect Cistercian church in existence.
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Pontine Marshes
an extensive marshy tract of land in Italy, in the S. part of the Roman Campagna, extending along the shores of the Mediterranean for about 24 miles, with a mean breadth of 7 miles. The Romans, by the construction of the Appian way and by means of canals, made a considerable part of them dry, and many of the Popes, especially Pope Pius VI., engaged in the drainage and reclaiming of the marshes.
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Pontresina
a tourist center in the Swiss canton of Grisons, stands in the Upper Engadine, on the road connecting with the Bernina Pass, and is much frequented by Alpine climbers.
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Pontus
in ancient geography, the N. E. province of Asia Minor, bounded N. by the Euxine Sea, W. by Galatia and Paphlagonia, S. by Cappadocia and part of Armenia, and E. Cholchis by . It was originally governed by kings, and was in its most flourishing state under Mithridates the Great. The geographer Strabo was born in Amasia, its capital; and one of its principal towns, Trapezus, still flourishes under the name of Trebizond. PONTUS EUXINUS. See BLACK SEA.
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Poodle
a breed of dog whose origin dates from the beginning of the 17th century or earlier. The poodle varies considerably in his appearance, and attempts have been made to divide the breed into several sections, such as the large and small or the corded coated and fleecy coated variety, as also into black Russian and white German poodles; but none of these divisions are very clearly defined. The large black Russian poodle is much the most handsome and agile specimen of the race, and may be easily trained to retrieve. The small white poodle is only fit for a house dog, but is extremely clever. For some unknown reason the poodle has always been clipped in a peculiar manner; with the exception of a few tufts, his body and hindquarters are entirely bare, while the coat on his shoulders is left long.
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Poole (JOHN an English playwright)
JOHN, an English playwright; born in 1792; wrote the immortal "Paul Pry," first produced at the Haymarket in 1825, and several other farces and comedies, such as "Turning the Tables," "Deaf as a Post," ""Twould Puzzle a Conjuror," "The Wife's Stratagem," etc. Besides these theatrical pieces he wrote also the satirical "Little Pedlington" (1839), "The Comic Sketch (1859), "Comic Miscellany" Book" (1845), "Christmas Festivities" (1845). He died in London, Feb. 5, 1879.
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