Each of these 8 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
in geometry, a solid having similar and parallel bases, its sides forming similar parallelograms. The bases may be of any form, and this form (triangular, pentagonal, etc.) gives its name to the prism. In optics, any transparent medium comprised between plane faces, usually inclined to each other. It is used to refract and disperse light, resolving it into the prismatic colors.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
AMER- ICAN, an organization of officials of American prisons, founded by Dr. E. C. Wines, of New York, in 1870, at a conference in Cincinnati, O., and incorporated under the laws of New York in the following year. The object of the association was the general improvement of conditions, not only for the officials and employees of such institutions, but for prisoners as well. Until 1877 the vigorous organization developed a growth, issuing reports in 1872, 1874, ng reports and 1877 of considerable value to students of penology. The death of Dr. Wines, however, at this time, caused a notable decrease in the activities of the association, which lasted until 1883, when it again showed signs of revival. The organization is now an influential factor in all movements toward prison reform, and has standing committees on criminal law, reform, prevention, probation, parole, prison discipline, discharged prisoners and prison statistics. With it are affiliated five other national organizations, comprising wardens, prison physicians, prison chaplains, women officials and employees, and criminologists.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a city of eastern Serbia, close to the frontier with Albania, 75 miles E. of Scutari, and fourth city in size in the whole of Serbia, with a population, in 1911, of 21,244. a citadel 1,100 feet above sea level, and 24 mosques. It was part of the territory taken from the Turks during the Balkan Wars, in 1912. Through this city fled the broken remnants of the Serbian Army, after the invasion of the country by the forces of the Central Powers, in the fall of 1915, this being the last avenue of escape left open after their final defeat on Kossovo Plain, about 30 miles further N.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a town of Serbia, 30 miles N. E. of Prisrend, administrative seat of a department of the same name in the S. E. part of Serbia, in the foothills of inthe mountains of Albania. After the vasion of Serbia by the Austro-German forces, in the latter part of November, 1915, the remnants of the defeated Serbian forces made their last stand here, on the edge of the great Kossovo Plain, where 300 years before the last of the Serbian Czars had been crushed. The battle lasted four days, the aged King Peter being in the field with his men during the whole period. Finally the Serbian battle formation was smashed, and Pristina was taken by the Teutons, under General Von Mackensen, on Nov. 23, 1915. The population, before the war, was about 10,000.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
JETER CONNELLY, associate justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia; born in 1857, he engaged in the printing business as a young man and in 1873 became the editor of the "Roan Mountain Republican" of Bakersville, N. C. He took a prominent part in political affairs and though a Republican, was elected several times to the State Legislature of North Carolina. In 1895 he was elected to the United States Senate and re-elected in 1897. As he was the only Southern Republican in the Senate his influence was considerable. He undertook to build a white Republican party in the South, called the "Lily-White" party. Appointed associate justice in the District of Columbia in 1903. In 1912 he was appointed by President Taft to head the new Circuit Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
HENRY SMITH, an American educator and head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching since 1906; born in Missouri in 1857, he took up, after his graduation from college, the study of astronomy, becoming in 1878 assistant astronomer in the United States Naval Observatory in Washington. In 1882, he traveled to New Zealand to observe the transit of Venus. The next year Washington University, St. Louis, Mo., appointed him professor of astronomy, a position he held until 1897. For the three years, 1897 to 1900, he was superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. From 1900 to 1906 he was president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston, Mass.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a ship owned by a private individual, which under govern. ment permission, expressed by a letter of marque, makes war on the shipping of a hostile power. To make war on an enemy without this commission, or on the shipping of a nation not specified in it, is piracy. Privateering was abolished by mutual agreement among European nations, except Spain, by the Declaration of Paris in 1856; but the United States of America refused to sign the treaty, except on condition that all private property at sea, not contraband, should be exempt from capture. This "Marcy," or "American," amendment, as it was called, was not accepted. This doctrine was again affirmed by the United States delegates to the Peace Conference at The Hague in 1898, but was again rejected by the European powers. While not considered PIRACY (q. v.) by the law of nations, they were looked on as little better during the great wars at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, and as a rule received but scant mercy at the hands of the regular services. HENRY SMITH PRITCHETT
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a prize given by the French Government to a number of painters, sculptors, architects, engravers and musicians. Founded by Louis XIV. in 1866, its purpose was to educate young painters and sculptors at Rome at the expense of the government. Napoleon enlarged the prize and made it open to musicians and architects, in addition to painters and sculptors. At present the winner of the scholarship is selected from a group of 10 which have passed the rigid examinations in their respective fields. The winner is supported by the French Government for four years while gin; the flowers small, white. Common he pursues his further studies at the Académie de France at Rome. The prize is awarded every year to painters, sculptors, musicians, and architects, and every two or three years to artists in other fields. The award is made by giving the 10 selected artists three months to prepare a specimen of their work, which is then judged by the Académie des Beaux- Arts. Specimens of the work of the artists in Rome holding the prize are exhibited in Paris every year to show the progress of the scholars.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia