Pamunkey
a small river in Virginia formed by the union of the North and South Anna. It unites with the Mattapony at West Point to form the York river. In conjunction with the South Anna it is over 100 miles in length. PAN
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Pan-American Conference
an assemblage of delegates from all the governments of South and Central America, convened at Washington in 1889-1890, at the instance of James G. Blaine, then Secretary of State. The conference had 100 PAN-AMERICAN CONGRESS for its immediate object the furtherance of international comity and commerce among the races of the American continent. The sittings were protracted for nearly six months, the delegates meantime visiting every city of importance in the United States. The conference possessed no legislative or executive functions, its duties being purely advisory. The definite recommendations included a coinage of uniform weight and fineness, a common method of legalization of documents, the metrical decimal system, and a uniform system of weights and measures, regulation of the fees of consular agents, and certain conveniences of method in customs administration. Other important propositions were unanimously adopted, such as a great N. and S. trunk railway; government subsidies for steamship lines connecting the American countries represented; uniform protection for literary and art property, trade marks, and patents; uniform quarantine regulations; a uniform extradition treaty; and a great international bank. The second conference, in response to an invitation issued during the previous year by the Mexican Government, met in the City of Mexico, Oct. 22, 1901. A third conference was held at Rio de Janeiro in 1906, and a fourth at Buenos Aires in 1910. There were delegates from 19 states.
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Pan-American Union
the official international organization of the 21 independent governments of the western hemisphere. It was originally organized as the Bureau of the American Republic, and was founded at the first Pan-American Conference held in Washington in 1889-1890, and was continued through the second, third and fourth conferences. The name was changed to the Pan- American Union at the latter conference held in Buenos Aires in 1910. The organization is supported by the governments and is controlled by a governing board, composed of the Secretary of State of the United States, and the diplomatic representatives of the other American governments in Washington. The Union has a handsome building in Washington. It publishes the Pan- American "Bulletin" and a number of other reports and papers. The chief of this organization was John Bassett, who acted as its president until 1920, when he was succeeded by Dr. Leo S. Rowe. The Union has charge of the Pan-American conferences which are held periodically and are attended by representatives from the American countries. See PAN- AMERICAN CONFERENCE.
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Panaetius
A native of Rhodes, and a celebrated Stoic philosopher, lived some years at Rome, where he became an intimate friend of Laelius and of Scipio Africanus the younger. He succeeded Antipater as head of the Stoic school, and died at Athens . The principal work of Panaetius was his treatise on the theory of moral obligation, from which Cicero took the greater part of his work De Officiis. 2026 Editor's Note: A pupil of Diogenes of Babylon, Panaetius served as the last undisputed scholarch of the Stoic school in Athens. Following his death around 109 BC, the school fragmented into several factions led by figures such as Dardanus of Athens and Mnesarchus. His influence extended to the historian Apollodorus of Athens , who was among his notable students. (Ed: BR 2026-06-13)
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Panama Hats
very fine plaited hats made from the fan-shaped leaves of Carludovica palmata, a dwarf palm tree which grows in Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela, and is called Jipijapa in Central America. PANAMA, ISTHMUS OF, formerly called the Isthmus of Darien, has a breadth of from 30 to 70 miles, connects North with South America, and separates the Pacific from the Atlantic. The coast is low and swampy along the Caribbean Sea, but less unwholesome along the Pacific.
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Panama-Pacific Exposition
Exhibition held in San Francisco in 1915, contemporaneously with the fair at San Diego, and with a like object, namely the celebration of the completion of the Panama Canal. A total of $20,500,000 was raised for the purpose, but the initial cost was estimated to have exceeded twice that figure. The buildings included twelve great reat palaces, and around these were the pavilions of the various States of the Union and of foreign nations, with race track, thoroughfares, drill and pleasure grounds alternating. The preliminary work took nearly four years and the area covered 635 acres. The Court of the Universe, with sunken gardens, formed the core of the exposition, having decorative features representative of the different nations of the world. The Arch of the Rising Sun, the Court of Abundance, the Court of the Four Seasons, the Tower of Jewels, the Palace of Fine Arts, the palaces of mines, metallurgy, machinery, transportation, horticulture, education, and manufactures, formed wonderful ensemble. The a pieces of statuary ran into thousands. Over eighty different States and nations participated and sent exhibits.
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Panay
one of the Philippine Islands, belonging to the Visayan group. The island in shape is nearly that of a triangle. In general it is mountainous, though there are many extensive and very fertile valleys. The island comprises the three provinces of Capiz, Iloilo, and Antique; area, 4,611 square miles; pop. about 750,000. It is celebrated for forest products, there being in the single province of Capiz as many as 87 varieties of excellent building woods. From the forests are also gathered honey, wax, and pitch. Several quarries are worked, producing fine marble and tonalite. Lime of an excellent quality is abundant in the province of Iloilo. Besides these industries, cotton, corn, chocolate, pepper, coffee, tobacco, sugar cane, and rice are cultivated with much success.
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Pancras
2026 Editor's Note: This page uses language about other peoples, religions, or nationalities that was commonplace when the book was published and is offensive by today's standards. The text has been left exactly as it was printed, rather than cut or softened, so that the historical record — including how ordinary such language once was — is preserved. (Ed: ET 2026-07-22) ST., the son of a heathen noble of Synnada in Phrygia, lost both parents while a boy, and was taken to Rome by an uncle, and there baptized, but immediately afterward was slain (304) in the Diocletian persecution, being only 14 years old. The first Church that St. Augustine consecrated in England was dedicated to St. Pancras; it stood at Canterbury.
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