Push Piece
The movable part of a pendant used for opening the case. The small movable projection on the side of a case which is pushed in when setting the hands. QUARE, DANIEL. Born in 1632 and died in 1724. He was the first to apply the concentric minute hand to watches and clocks and was the inventor of the repeating watch.
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Pushkin
ALEXANDER. See POUSHKIN.
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Pushtu
or PUKHTU, the language of the Afghans proper (see AFGHANIS- TAN).
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Puss in Boots
an old Italian fairy tale which came into the English probably through the French of Perrault. The cat is a clever animal who secures a fortune for his master, a young miller. A similar story is found in the Scandinavian and in several other languages.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Pustule
a pimple, a little blister. Also a vesicle containing pus.
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Putchock
or PUTCHUK, the roots of Aplotaxus lappa (Saussurea Lappa, Calc, Exhib. Rep.). It is a tall composite plant, with purple florets, growing on the mountains of Cashmere. The root is collected in enormous quantities, and exported to China, to be used as incense. It is given in India in cough, asthma, fever, cholera, dyspepsia, etc. Its dried powder is the principal ingredient in an ointment for ulcers; it is also a hair wash.
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Puteaux
a town 2 miles from the W. boundary of Paris, on the left bank of the Seine, opposite to the Bois de Boulogne. Many Parisians have fine villas here. There are manufactures of dyestuffs and chemicals, dyeing, and calico printing. Pop. about 35,000.
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Puteolanum
A country house of Cicero near Puteoli, where he wrote his Quaestiones Academicae, and where the emperor Hadrian was buried. Puteolanus Sinus (Bay of Naples). A bay of the sea on the coast of Campania between the promontory Misenum and the promontory of Minerva, which was originally called Cumanus.
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Putnam, George Palmer
George Palmer (1814-1872), an American publisher. He was born at Brunswick, Maine. He became a clerk in a New York bookstore when a lad of fourteen. In 1840 he formed a partnership under the name of Wylie & Putnam, and in the following year he went to London, where he established a branch business. In 1848 he opened a publishing house in New York City. Putnam's Magazine, afterwards absorbed by Scribner's Monthly, was founded in this year. In 1866 he established a publishing house under his own name. It is now known as G. P. Putnam's Sons. Mr. Putnam was one of the foremost American advocates of international copyright. He was the author of several books, including A Plea for International Copyright, The Tourist in Europe, Ten Years of the World's Progress, etc.
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Putnam, Rufus
Rufus (1738-1824), a soldier of the American Revolution. He was born at Sutton, Massachusetts. While a young man he learned to build grist mills and to survey land. Prior to the Revolution he served in the French and Indian War, and was employed in surveying Florida lands. He entered the Revolutionary army as an engineer, but later took command of a regiment. He retired with the rank of brigadier-general. He took a prominent part in the suppression of Shays' Rebellion . In 1787 he became a director of the Ohio Company. It was proposed to employ a capital of $1,000,000 in securing land in the Northwest Territory . A million and one-half acres were purchased from Congress. Location was made in the southeastern part of what is now Ohio. In the year following the passage of the Ordinance of 1787, Putnam located the first colony at the present site of Marietta, Ohio. He held various political and judicial positions in the Northwest Territory. He died at Marietta, the last American survivor of the officers of the Continental Army. His papers and correspondence are cherished by the library of Marietta College.
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Putney
a suburb of London, England, d, in Surrey, Surrey, 6 miles W. S. W. of Waterloo, on the S. side of the Thames. It is a great rowing place, the starting point of the Oxford and Cambridge boat race. The parish church, with a 15th century tower and the chantry of Bishop West of Ely, was mainly rebuilt in 1836; in the churchyard is Toland's grave. Putney is the birthplace of Thomas Cromwell and Gibbon, and the death place of Pitt and Leigh Hunt.
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Putnik
VOIVODE (WAR LEAD- ER) RADOMIR, Serbian general, born in 1847, in Serbia, but son of Austrian Serbs; educated in the military academy in Belgrade; served as captain of infantry during the war against Turkey, in 1876; served in the war against Bulgaria, 1885; and at the beginning of the first Balkan War, when Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro and Greece allied themselves against Turkey, in 1912, he was raised to the rank of Voivode, meaning literally, war chief, the first Serbian officer to attain this special rank. As such he was in command of all the Serbian forces, during the second Balkan War, as well, when Serbia fought Bulgaria. garia. When the Austrians opened hostilities, in 1914, by their attempted invasion of Serbia, Voivode Putnik was still in command, and so remained until the final invasion in 1915, when Austria received German reinforcements under Von Mackensen.
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Putrefaction
the apparently spontaneous decomposition of organic substances, especially those rich in nitrogen. PUTS and CALLS, terms used in American stock dealings. The trade in privileges is something which is scarcely understood outside of Board of Trade and Stock Exchange circles. For $1 per 1,000 bushels a trader can purchase the privilege to "put" (sell) or "call" (buy) from the seller of the privilege at a stipulated price and within a stipulated time. The ordinary privileges are sold one day to be good to the close of the next session. In inactive markets the "put" and "call" prices may be close together and close to the market price of the property. They are countenanced by the State of New York and are a regular feature in the New York Stock Exchange. In Illinois they are specifically classed as gamsurance by which an operator can protect himself against market fluctuations. A trader who is "short" in the market can protect his position to a certain degree by buying "calls"; a "long" can prevent losses in the same degree by buying "puts." The insurance proposition is a theory, however, as "privileges" more often serve to originate new trades than to serve as an insurance on existing business conditions.
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