Radical
in chemistry, a group of elements common to a more or less numerous series of allied compounds, and unaffected by the processes whereby these compounds are transformed one into another, e. g., Ethyl (C₂Hs), the radical of common alcohol (C2H5HO). In mathematics, an indicated root of an imperfect power of the degree indicated. In philology, (1) A radix, root, or simple underived, uncompounded word. (2) A letter which belongs to the root; a primitive letter. In English and American politics, an ultra-liberal, verging on Socialism; one of that party in the state which desires to carry out a radical reform of the constitution, and to give greater power to the democracy. The term was first used in England and applied as a party name in 1818 to Henry Hunt, Major Cartwright, and others of the same party, who wished to introduce radical reforms in the representative system.
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Radicalism
signifying, in a political sense, those elements which demand extreme reform measures in government organization. The term was first applied to the Radical party of Great Britain, in 1819, which stood opposed to the conservative Tories, demanding univerof the sal suffrage and an extension rights of the people. In this country the Progressive party corresponded most Socialists are nearly to a radical party. also generally known as radicals, but generally speaking a radical does not demand a change in the basic laws of the nation, which a Socialist does, for which reason the latter is more properly a revolutionist, even though he does not desire to bring about the changes by force of arms.
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Radiograph
a picture of an object or objects obtained by means of the Roentgen rays instead of light rays; called also skiagraph.
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Radiolaria
in zoölogy, according to E. Ray Lankester, a class of Protozoa, rarily radioactive. These gases are consisting of Gymnomyxa in which the protoplasmic body of the dominant amœba phase has the form of a sphere or cone, and incloses a spherical or coneshaped perforated shell of membranous sh consistence, known as the central capsule, and probably homologous with the perforated shell of a Globigerina.
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Radiometer
an instrument that is used for taking the altitudes of the celestial bodies. Also an instrument invented by Crookes for measuring the mechanical effect of radiant energy, and exhibited by him at the Royal Society, April 7, 1875. It resembles a miniature anemometer, and revolves by the action of light. The cups of the anemometer are replaced by disks, colored white on and the one side and black on the other, instrument is inclosed in a glass globe from which the air has been exhausted, so that no heat is transmitted. When the disks are exposed to light, revolution begins and its speed is governed by the intensity of the light. Two candles produce twice the effect of one, and the flame of magnesium wire makes the disks spin with great rapidity.
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Radiophone
a word that applies to any invention that transmits or produces sound by means of radiant energy , particularly a device similar to the photophone, whose receiver is a block of vulcanite, with no telephone, the vibratory contraction and expansion being produced by the heat of the beam while vibrating , which is accompanied by an audible sound.
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Radius
in anatomy, the outer of the two bones of the forearm. In botany, and plural form, the peduncles supporting the partial umbels in an umbellifer. In fortification, a line drawn from the center of the polygon to the end of the outer side. In geometry, the distance from the center of a circle to any point of the circumference.
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Radius Vector
in astronomy, an imaginary line joining the center of a heavenly body to that of any second one revolving around it. In geometry, a straight line , or the length of such line, conne connecting ing any point, as of a curve, with a fixed point or pole, round which it resolves, and to which it serves to refer the successive points of a curve in a system of polar co-ordinates.
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Radix
in algebra, the root of a finite expression from which a series is derived. In anatomy, the root or portion of anything inserted into another, as the root of a tooth. In botany, the root of any plant. In pharmacy, the root of a medicinal plant, as Rhei radix=rhubarb root. In mathematics, any number which is arbitrarily made the made the fundamental number or base of any system. system. Thus 10 is the radix of the decimal system of numeration, and also in Briggs' or the common system of logarithms.
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Radnorshire
a county of Wales, Great Britain, almost in the center of the principality. Very mountainous, save in the S. E., where agricultural products abound with considerable market gardening. Radnor forest is an interesting natural feature, being over 2,000 feet high. There are several rivers, the largest being the Wye, which separates the county on the S. from Brecknock. Capital, Radnor. Pop. about 20,000.
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Radom
a town of Poland, sixty miles S. of Warsaw. The city and its environs was the scene of heavy fighting during the German drive for Wars Warsaw, in 1916, and, with Warsaw, fell into the hands of the Germans, where it remained until the retirement of the German armies from Poland, after the conclusion of hostilities. Pop. about 50,000.
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Radoslavov
VASILE, a Bulgarian statesman, born in Bulgaria in 1850; educated in in Germany; returned home and entered politics, politics, becoming leader of the anti - Russian Liberal party. once served as Minister of the Interior, King Ferdinand, at the outbreak of World War, in 1914, appointed oslavov Premier, on account of his known sympathy toward Austria and Germany. It was Radoslavov, one of the wiliest politicians of the Balkans, who guided the policy of Bulgaria in her double dealing with the Allies, until ready to throw her lot in with the Central Empires, in the fall of 1915, when a treacherous attack was made on the Serbians, while they were defending themselves against the Austro-German invasion. On the collapse of the Bulgarian front in Macedonia, Radoslavov was dismissed from office and sent into retirement.
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