Resolution
in law, a solemn judgment or decision. In mathematics, the operation of separating any expression into factors; that is, the operation of finding two or more expressions such that their product is equal to the given expressions. Resolution of an equation: The same as reduction of an equation. In medicine, the passing away, without suppuration, of a tumor or of inflammation. In music, the process of relieving dissonance by succeeding consonance. Resolution of a nebula: In astronomy, the demonstration by means of a very powerful telescope, that the diffused light of a nebula is really that of a multitude of exceedingly distant stars.
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Resonance
OR RESONANCY, in acoustics, (1) Sound reflected by a surface less than 112.5 feet from the spot whence it originally traveled. The direct and the reflected sounds are confounded, but the one strengthens the other. Bare walls tend to be resonant; walls hung with tapestry are not so. (2) The increase of sound produced by a sounding board, or by the body of a musical instrument. In medicine, a more or less shrill sound heard by auscultation in the larynx or lungs of a person speaking, or of one affected with chest disease. RESONATOR. an instrument invented by Professor Helmholtz for facilitating the analysis of compound sounds. It consists, in its simplest form, of a tapering tube or a hollow bulb, spherical or nearly so in form, having an opening at one side for the air, and a tube adapted to the ear at the other. When the instrument is fitted to one ear, the other being stopped, tones above or below the pitch of the resonator will be but imperfectly heard; but if a note be sounded correspondingly to its pitch the note will be intensified.
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Respirator
a device for breathing through, worn over the mouth, or the nose and mouth, and secured by a bandage, strap, or other contrivance, to exclude injurious matters, such as smoke or dust, from the lungs, or to change the condition of the air by passing it through medicaments or gauze. Respirators are used by cutlers and other grinders to exclude the dust from the lungs, and also by firemen to prevent by smoke. Respirators for suffocation persons having weak lungs have several folds of fine wire gauze, which being warmed by the expired breath, in turn heats the inspired air.
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Respondent
in law, the designation of the party requiring to answer in a suit, particularly in a chancery suit.
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Rest
The T-shaped piece of metal attached to the lathe bed and on which the graver, peg wood, polisher, etc., is rested. It is also known as T rest and hand rest.
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Rest Harrow
a common European leguminous plant, Ononis arvensis, akin to the brooms. It is plentiful in stiff clay land in some parts, and derives its name from its long and strong matted roots arresting the progress of the harrow. The stems are annual, often woody or shrubby, and hairy; the flowers, mostly solitary, large, and handsome, are of a brilliant rose color. Rest harrow is also called cammock.
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Restigouche
a river of Canada. It rises in eastern Quebec, flows S. E. into New Brunswick, then E. and N. E. into the Bay of Chaleurs, forming part of the boundary between the two provinces. Its length is about 200 miles.
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Restoring Burnt Steel
It is said that burnt steel may be restored by making a powder composed of 8 oz. sal-ammoniac, 3 oz. prussiate of potash, 3 oz. borax, 1 1/2 lbs. resin, 2 oz. blue clay, 1/2 pint alcohol, and 1/2 pint of water. These ingredients are to simmer over a fire until dried to a powder; the burnt steel may then be reheated, dipped in the powder, and hammered. See TEMPERING.
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Reszke
JEAN DE. See DE RESZKE, JEAN.
EDOUARD DE. See DE iron.
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Retainer
a preliminary fee paid to a counsel to secure his services, or rather to prevent the other side from securing them. A special retainer is a fee paid to secure the services of counsel for a particular case. A general retainer is a fee paid to secure a priority of claim on a counsel's services for any cause which the party paying the fee may have for trial.
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Retaining Wall
a wall erected to maintain a bank of earth in position, as in sunk fences, faces of earthworks, railway cuttings, sea-walls, etc.; strictly speaking, a wall erected to hold an artificial bank in upright or nearly upright position.
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Retention
in law, a lien; the right of withholding a debt or of retain ing property till a debt due to the person claiming this right be duly paid.
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Retiarius
in Roman antiquities a gladiator wearing only a short tunic and carrying a trident and net, with which he endeavored to entangle and dispatch his adversary, who was armed with helmet, shield, and sword.
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Retreat
a military operation, in which an army retires before an enemy; properly, an orderly march, in which circumstance it differs from a flight. Also a military signal given in the army by beat of drum or sound of trumpet at sunset, or for retiring from exercise or from action. In Church usage, a period of retirement to a religious religious house, for self-examination, meditation, and prayer. Retreats commonly last either three or seven days, and are conducted by a cleric, who delivers addresses daily. They are in use both in the Roman and among the High Church party, in the Anglican Church.
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Retriever
a breed of dog, trained, as the name implies, to find out and bring back any killed or wounded game. The two varieties of retriever differ only in coat; the curly coat should curl closely and firmly all over the body, the wavy coat should fall straight and thick.
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Retrograde
in botany, a term used of hairs on a plant, and meaning bent back or down.
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Return-facing
The use of return-facing is confined principally to foundries manufacturing thin, light castings, as stoves, etc.; where, having no coal mixed through the sand, means must be provided, not only to scale the casting clean, but leave the color uniform throughout. To effect this the raw sand surfaces of the moulds are first treated to a dusting of bolted hydraulic cement or German clay (a cheap substitute for heavy carbon-facing) to fill the pores of the sand, then a light dusting of heavy facing, and, lastly, the return-facing in just sufficient quantity to permit the pattern, when returned, to leave its impression sharp and smooth without sticking. The carbonized preparations of return-facings supplied by the dealers are, as a rule, preferable to the light charcoal-facings usually employed for this purpose, as they neither run before the metal nor adhere to the pattern as much as charcoal is liable to. See PRINTING; FACING.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding