Rochdale
a borough of England; in Lancashire, 10 miles N. N. E. of Manchester. It is a place of considerable antiquity, and was early noted for its woolen manufactures, which have remained a chief staple till the present day. Cotton is extensively manufactured, and there are also foundries, machine shops, etc.; while in the neighborhood are quarries of freestone and extensive collieries. The parish church (St. Chad), of the 12th century, situated an on eminence, is approached from the lower part of the town by a flight of 122 steps. The town hall is a fine modern building, and there is a handsome F-Cyc free library. Rochdale is the center of the co -operative movement, which originated there in 1844. By means of canals it has a water communication with the industrial centers of the N. of Engall land. Pop. (1919) 93.806.
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Roche
REGINA MARIA, an Irish novelist; born about 1764 in the S. of Ireland. She sprang into fame on the appearance of the novel "The Children of the Abbey" (1798). From that time till her death she produced many books of the same character, including: "The Nocturnal Visit" (1800); "The Tradition of the Castle" (1824); "The Castle Chapel" (1825); "The Nun's Picture" (1834), and many others. She died in Waterford, May 17, 1845.
ARTHUR American author, born in Somerville, SOMERS, an Mass., in 1883. He was educated at Holy Cross College and at Boston University. After practicing law he entered newspaper work in 1906. Beginning with 1910, he contributed short stories to many of the leading magazines. He also wrote "Loot" (1916); "Plunder" (1917 ); "The Sport of Kings" (1917).
JAMES JEFFREY, an American author; born in Queen's co., Ireland, May 31, 1847. He went to Boston in 1866 and became in 1890 an editor of the "Pilot," and published: "Songs and Satires" (1886); "Ballads of Blue Water," " Life of John Boyle O'Reilly," "Her Majesty the King," etc. He died in 1908.
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Roche-Sur-Yon
LA, France, formerly Napoleon Vendée, and Bourbon Vendée, capital of the Department Vendée, situated on the right bank_of of La the Yon, 40 miles S. of Nantes. The town was founded during the Napoleonic régime, near the old castle of Roche-sur- Yon, from which it derived its name after the downfall of Napoleon. It is noted for its woolen mills and its production of hardware. Pop. about 15,000.
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Rochefort
VICTOR French journalist; born in Paris, France, HENRI, a Jan. 30, 1830. He was removed from the editorship of "Figaro" because of his satires on the imperial government; and the papers which he himself founded - "The Lanterne," " The Marseillaise," "The Password" - were filled with the same violent attacks. Condemned to exile in New Caledonia for his share in the Paris Commune, he escaped and afterward resided in England until amnestied. In England and later in Paris he edited a daily paper, "The Irreconcilable," noted for his vitriolic articles against the French Government. He wrote farces, vaudeville, comic romances, and political Vol 8 Ones" (1882); "Return from Nova Sco- in 1628. Pop. about 36,000. tia" (1877); "Mlle. Bismarck" (1880); "Bitter Farces" (1886); "The [political] Lanterns of the Empire" (1884); "Fantasia" (1888); "Adventures of My Life" (1896). He died July 1, 1913. French
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Rochefort-Sur-Mer
a seaport, naval arsenal, and fortress of the first class, in the department of Charente-Inférieure; on the right bank of the Charente, 9 miles from its mouth, and 18 miles S. S. E. of Rochelle, 89 S. W. of Poitiers. It was founded in 1665 as a naval station by Colbert, Louis XIV.'s minister, and fortified by Vauban, being covered now on the sea side by strong forts; and it is a modern, clean, well-built place. It contains important public works. The most celebrated of these is the naval hospital (1783-1788). There are both a naval harbor, and, higher up the river, a commercial harbor with three basins; Rochefort besides possesses rope walks, walks, cannon foundries, and other establishments for the manufacture and preservation of naval stores and marine apparatus of every kind. From 1777 till 1852 it was the seat of a great convict prison. Napoleon meant to take ship for the United States at Rochefort, but instead had to surrender to Captain Maitland of the "Bellerophon," July 15, 1815. During the World War Rochefort became an important military center. Pop. (1911) 35,019.
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Rochefoucauld
FRANÇOIS, DUC DE LA, Prince de Marcillac, a French author; born in Paris, France, Sept. 15, 1613. His celebrity is due to his small volume of "Reflections, or Moral Sentences and Maxims," commonly known as the "Maxims" (first ed. 1665; final edition of the author, 1678, comprising 504 maxims). The dominant note of the "Maxims" is egoism. His "Memoirs" (1662) are equal to the most celebrated memoirs of the time. He died in Paris, March 17, 1680.
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Rochelle Salt
the popular name of the bitartrate of soda and potash (KNaC4H4O6 + 4H2O), this salt having been discovered in 1672 by a Rochelle apothecary named Seignette. It occurs, when pure, in colorless transparent prisms, generally eight-sided; and in taste it resembles common salt. It is prepared by neutralizing cream of tartar (bitartrate of potash) with carbonate of soda. After a neutral solution has been obtained, it is boiled and filtered, and the resulting fluid is concentrated till a pellicle forms on the surface, when it is set aside to crystallize. lize. This salt is a mild and efficient laxative, and is less disagreeable to the taste than most of the saline purgatives. ROCHES MOUTONNÉES, smooth, rounded hummocky bosses and undulating surfaces of rock, of common occurrence in regions which have been overflowed by glacier ice. The name is that used by the Swiss peasants-the bare rounded rocks of a valley bottom when seen from above having a fanciful resemblance to a flock of sheep lying down.
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Rock Cod
a cod caught on a rocky sea bottom. They are considered to be of better flavor than fish from a sandy bottom. ROCK CRYSTAL. See QUARTZ.
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Rock Hill
a city of South Carolina, in York co. It is on the Southern railroad. It is the center of an important cotton growing and agricultural region and its industries include cotton mills, wagon factories, a fertilizer factory, brick works, foundry and machine shops. It has power developed from the power plant on the Catawba and Broad rivers. It is the seat of the Winthrop Normal and Industrial College of South Carolina, and has a public library brary and a hospital. Pop. (1910) 7,216; (1920) 8,809.
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