Ristori
ADELAIDE, an Italian actress; born in Cividale, Italy, Jan. 29, 1822. At a very early age she played in comedy, but afterward appeared in tragedy. She married the Marquis Capranica del Grillo in 1846, and afterward played in all the chief European capitals and in the United States. She took her farewell of the English stage in Manchester, Nov. 8, 1873. Among her chief characters were Medea, Francesca da Rimini, Marie Antoinette, Mary Stuart, and Lady Macbeth. In 1884 she visited the United States for the last time. She died Oct. 9, 1906. RITA (MRS. W. DESMOND HUMPHREYS), a British novelist. She was born at Gollanfield, Scotland, educated at Sydney, N. S. W., and was twice married. She went to Australia as a child with her parents, later returned to Britain and has traveled much. She commenced to write at a very early age, her works including: "Dame Durden," "Darby and Joan," "Corinna," "My Lord Conceit," "Asenath of the Ford," "Two Bad Blue Eyes," "Gretchen," "A Husband of No Importance," "A Gender in Satin," "Sheba," "Joan and Mrs. Carr," "The Ending of My Day," "Faustine," "A Woman in It," "Vignettes," "Peg the Rake," "Kitty the Rag," " "Good Mrs. Hypocrite," "The Sinner," "An Old Rogue's Tragedy," "A Woman of Samaria," "Vanity," "T "The Sin of Jasper Stan- "A Jilt's dish," "Prince Charming," Journal," "Souls," "The Rubbish Heap," "The Philanthropic Burglar."
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Rita
(See Materialisation and Spiritualism .) Robert the Devil was son of a Duke and Duchess of Normandy. He was endowed with marvellous physical strength, which he used only to minister to his evil passions. Explaining to him the cause of his wicked impulses, his mother told him that he had been born in answer to prayers addressed to the devil. He now sought religious advice, and was directed by the Pope to a hermit who ordered him to maintain complete silence, to take his food from the mouths of dogs, to feign madness and to provoke abuse from common people without attempting to retaliate. He became court fool to the Roman Emperor and three times delivered the city from Saracen invasions, having, in each case, been prompted to fight by a heavenly message. The emperor's dumb daughter was given speech in order to identify the saviour of the city with the court fool, but he refused his due recompense, as well as her hand in marriage, and went back to the hermit, his former confessor. The. French Romance of Robert le Diable is one of the oldest forms of this legend. Roberts, Mrs.: (See Spiritualism.)
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Ritchie
ANNE ISABELLA (THACKERAY), LADY, an English author, daughter of William Makepeace Thackeray; born in London in 1838. Among her writings are: "Old Kensington" (1873); "Toilers and Spinsters" (1873); "Bluebeard's Keys" (1874); "Miss Angel" (1875); "Mme. de Sévigné" (1881); "Records of Tennyson, Ruskin, and Browning" (1892); "Lord Tennuso nyson and His Friends" (1893); (with R. R. Evans) Evans) "Lord Amherst and the British Advance Eastward to Burma" (1894); "Chapters on Unwritten Memoirs" (1895); "Blackstick Papers" (1908); "From the Porch" (1912). She died in 1912.
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Rittenhouse
DAVID, an American astronomer; born near Philadelphia, Pa., April 8, 1732. Originally a clock and mathematical instrument maker, he became master of the United States mint, and succeeded Franklin as presiprest dent of the American Philosophical Society. He was the first to use spider lines in the focus of a transit instrument. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., June 26, 1796.
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Ritter
KARL, a German geographer; born in Quedlinburg, Prussia, August 7, 1779; studied at Halle, became a private tutor in 1798, and in 1819 succeeded Schlosser as Professor of History at the Frankfort Gymnasium. He then published an "Introduction to the History of European Nations Before Herodotus," 1820; and in the same year became Professor extraordinary of Geography at the University of Berlin, where he remained till his death. His great work is "Geography in Its Relations to Nature and History," the two first volumes of which appeared in 1817-1818, but it ultimately comprised upward of 20 volumes. He wrote several other geographical works, and contributed extensively to the journals of the Berlin Geographical Society. He died in Berlin, Sept. 28, 1859.
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Ritual
the name of one of the service books of the Roman Church, in which are contained the prayers and order of ceremonial employed in the administration of certain of the sacraments (communion out of Mass, baptism, penance, marriage, extreme unction) and other priestly offices of the Church, forms of churchings, burials, and blessing. In its present form it dates from the Council of Trent, which directed a revision of all the different rituals then in existence (also known as manuale, sacerdotale, etc.), which were numerous, and exhibited considerable variety of detail. Paul V., in 1614, published an authoritative edition, which has frequently been reprinted, and of which a further revision was issued by Benedict XIV. Besides the Roman ritual there are many diocesan rituals, some of which are of much historical interest. In the Greek Church, as in the other Eastern communions, the ritual forms part of the general collection (which contains also the Eucharistic service) entitled "Euchologion." In the Anglican Church the "Book of Common Prayer" may be said to contain the ritual. The most approved commentary on the Roman ritual is that of Barrufaldo.
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Riva
ON THE GARDA SEA, IN THE TYROL
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River Crab
a name given to a genus of crabs (Thelphusa), inhabiting + fresh water, and having the carapace quadrilateral and the antennæ very short. One species (T. depressa) inhabits muddy lakes and slow rivers in the S. of Europe.
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River Hog
the name occasionally given to the capybara.
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River Horse
a name sometimes given to the HIPPOPOTAMUS (q. v.).
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River Rouge
a village of Michigan, in Wayne co. It is on the Detroit and Toledo Shore and the Michigan Central railroads. It has important industries, including shipyard and bridge and steel works. Pop. (1910) 4,163; (1920) 9,822.
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Riverside
a city and county-seat of Riverside co., Cal.; on the Santa Ana river, and on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fé, Riverside, Rialto and Pacific, and other railroads; 118 miles N. W. of San Diego. Here are a high school, Federal Indian School, libraries, several National and State banks, and a number of daily and weekly newspapers. The city is in a fruit-growing section noted for its oranges, lemons and raisins, and has extensive irrigating canals. Pop. (1910) 15,212; (1920) 19,341.
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