Roswitha
ros've'ta, a German poet and chronicler of the tenth century. She was a nun in the Benedictine convent of Gandersheim, Brunswick. She wrote a poetical chronicle of the reign of Otto I and sacred legends for use in the nunnery. She is most interesting as the first dramatist since the Roman period. She wrote six comedies in imitation of the work of the Roman comic poet Terence. These were designed for performance before the sisterhood. Roswitha's comedies were published in 1501. See Drama
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Rot
a disease in sheep and other graminivorous animals, produced by the hydratids Fasciola hepatica and Distoma lanceolatum, often living in great numbers in the gall-ducts and bladder of the animal. The latter parasite has been detected in the human subject.
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Rotary Core-oven
When properly constructed, this oven consists of a fireplace suitably located for supplying sufficient heat without burning the cores, and the oven structure is limited to the diameter of the rotating shelves, which are affixed to a central shaft, the lower end of which rests in a step, its vertical position being secured by a suitable contrivance at the roof. The latter, like the outer walls, must be no farther from the rotating shelves than is absolutely necessary. By this means quicker drying is obtained than would occur if unnecessary space had to be heated. The shelves may be either plain or grate, and as wide apart as will accommodate the class of cores to be dried. By this admirable contrivance the process of drying cores is materially facilitated, as the core-maker stands at the door, outside and away from the heat and gas, simply rotating the shelves in order to place within or carry away his cores. See OVENS.
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Rotary Squeezer
A shingling-machine used to consolidate and weld together the puddled balls and expel the cinder therefrom. There are many forms of squeezers, reciprocating as well as rotary. The rotary may be worked either vertically or horizontally. A strong cylindrical casing provided with an opening equal to about one fourth of its circumference forms the outside; the inside consists of a rotating cylinder, placed excentric to the casing, but with parallel faces. Both faces are deeply corrugated, and, as the inner cylinder revolves towards the small aperture, the puddled ball, entering at the widest part, is carried round and subjected to a gradually increased compression until it is forced out at the small end in a suitable shape and condition for passing through the rolls. The process is termed shingling. See MALLEABLE IRON.
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Rotation of Crops
the cultivation of a different kind of crop each year, for a certain period, to prevent the exhaustion of the soil. If a plant requiring specially alkaline nutriment be planted year after year in the same field or bed, it will ultimately exhaust all the alkalies in the soil and then languish. But if a plant be substituted in large measure requiring siliceous elements for its growth, it can flourish where its alkaline predecessor is starved. Meanwhile the action of the atmosphere is continually reducing to a soluble condition small quantities of soil, thus restoring the lost alkalies. Manure will replace lost elements more quickly. The period of rotation is often made four years.
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Rothenstein
WILLIAM, a British artist. He was born in Bradford, Yorkshire, England, in 1872, and was educated at Bradford Grammar School. He went to London in 1888 and worked under Legros at the Slade School and afterward in Paris, where he first exhibited. In 1893 he went to Oxford and drew portraits and settled in Chelsea shortly afterward. He has pictures and portraits in the Tate Gallery; British Museum; Victoria and Albert Museum; St. John's College, Cambridge; Trinity Hall, Cambridge: Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh; Magdalen College, Oxford; National Portrait Gallery, Edinburgh; Luxembourg, Paris, etc. His publications include: "Oxford Characters," "English Portraits," "Manchester Portraits," "Liber Juniorum"; six portraits . of Rabindranath Tagore Tagore.
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Rotherham
a manufacturing town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, on the Don, here joined by the Rother; 5 miles E. N. E. of Sheffield. Its chief glory is the magnificent cruciform church, Perpendicular in style, with crocketed spi spire and fine W. front. It is probably somewhat earlier than its reputed founder, Thomas de Rotherham, Archbishop of York (1423-1500); in 1875 it was restored by Sir G. G. Scott. A handsome edifice in the Collegiate Gothic style, built for an independent college in 1875, has been bought and applied to the purpose of a grammar school (1843), at which Bishop Sanderson was educated. There are also a mechanics' institute (1853); a free library (1881); an infirmary (1870); a covered market (1879); public baths (1887); a park (1876) of 20 acres, 300 feet above the town; and the Clifton Park of 57 acres. The manufactures include stoves, grates, chemicals, pottery, glass, railway carriages, etc. Ebenezer Elliott was a native of the suburb of Masborough, which is included within the municipal boundary, incorporated in 1871. Roche Abbey, a ruin, 8 miles E. S. E., was a Cistercian foundation (1147); and 8 miles N. E. is Conisborough Castle. Pop. (1919) 71,913.
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Rothermere
HAROLD SIDNEY HARMSWORTH, FIRST VISCOUNT, a British newspaper proprietor. He was born in 1868 at Dublin, Ireland, son of Alfred Harmsworth, and removing to England, following the example of his brother, Lord Northcliffe, became interested in newspapers, of which he is the proprietor of several. He endowed the King Edward VII. Chair of English Lit- 'erature and the Vere Harmsworth Chair ridæ. They are microscopic animals, conof Naval History at Cambridge University. The success of the Union Jack Club is largely due to his assistance and support. In 1916-17 during the World War he was director-general of the Royal Army Clothing Department. In 1917-18 he was Air Minister, being created viscount in 1919.
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Rotifera
in zoology, wheel-animalcules; a group of Metazoa which have been variously classified. Ehrenberg arranged them according to the peculiarities of their trochal disks, trochal disks, and Dujardin according to their methods of locomotion. They are now often made a class of Vermes, with four families, Philodinidæ, Brachionidæ, Hydatineæ, and Flosculatractile, crowned with vibratile cilia at the anterior part of the body, which, by their motion, often resemble a wheel revolving rapidly. Intestine distinct, terminated at one extremity by a mouth, at the other by an anus; generation oviparous, sometimes viviparous. The nervous system system is represented by a relatively large single ganglion, with one or two eye-spots, on one side of the body, near the mouth, and there are organs which appear to be sensory. They are free or adherent, but never absolutely fixed animals.
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