Rolland
ROMAIN, a French author; born at Clamecy, in 1866. He re- ROMAIN ROLLAND ceived his education at the École Normale Supérieure, became a professor of the history of art at that school and taught there until the Sorbonne offered him a chair in his subject. He was recognized by the Academy in 1895 for his doctor's thesis. Later he wrote several plays, remarkable more for their style, vigor, and presentation of psychological analysis than for conformity to good dramatic construction. Beginning in 1903, he published noteworthy biographical and critical studies of musicians, artists, authors and upon aspects of the theater. He founded the "Revue Musicale" in 1901. As the author of "Jean-Christophe" he received one-quarter of the Nobel Prize in literature for 1915. This work, comprising three volumes has been translated into English and German. Picarian birds characteristic of the Ethi-
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Roller Remover
There are numerous designs in the way of roller removers upon the market, but lack of space prevent description and illustrations of them. Fig 274 illustrates the Hardinge remover, while Fig. 275 illustrates the
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Rollin, Charles
Charles (1661-1741), a French historian. He was a native of Paris. His father was a cutler. He received a liberal education and held several important educational positions, including the rectorship of the University of Paris. He was noted for his eloquence and for the advocacy of classical studies, particularly Greek. He is known best as the author of an Ancient History which appeared in Paris in 1730-1738 in twelve volumes. It is a compendium of the antiquities, military events, literature, and dynasties of the ancient nations. It was written in an attractive style and was prodigiously popular. It was translated into many foreign languages. Frederick the Great wrote the author a personal letter complimenting him on his interesting style. Though now regarded as a rather youthful production, and necessarily inaccurate as to facts, the Ancient History is still good reading. The chapters on the early agriculture and antiquities of Egypt are particularly interesting.
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Rolling Mill
a combination of machinery used in the manufacture of malleable iron and other metals of the same nature. By it the iron which is heated and balled in the puddling furnace is made into bars or sheets. It consists of rollers, journaled in pairs in metallic boxes in the iron standards or cheeks, and capable of being set toward or from each other by means of set- The grooves in the rolls are so screws. made as to be co-active in giving the required form to the heated iron passing between them. The face of each roller has a series of grooves gradually decreasing in size toward one end. The iron is passed through each in succession, being thus gradually reduced in size and increased in length. By this operation two objects are effected: (1) The scoriæ and other impurities are expelled, and (2) the required form whether of plate, bolt, or bar, is given to the metal.
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Rolling or Wobbling
The path of a pendulum in plan should be a straight line. Any deviation from this will affect the regularity of its timekeeping. A want of squareness in the chops, or a twist in the suspension spring, will often cause rolling or wobbling. Many clockmakers fix the lower end of the spring with but one screw, so that the pendulum may hang plumb without danger of binding. If the pallet staff is not perfectly at right angles to the path of the pendulum, rolling may be caused by the oblique action of the crutch. This shows the necessity of care in adjusting the movement on the seat board in cased clocks, and is an argument in favor of attaching the pendulum of a turret clock to the frame of the movement, instead of to a separate wall bracket.
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Rolling-over
A term applied to the method of obtaining bottom or lower portions of mould by first ramming the pattern within the drag or nowel part, and then reversing the position of the flask, by means proportionate to its size and weight. Ordinarily the pattern is placed face down on the follow-board or match-plate, over which is set the nowel or drag. The pattern, being first covered with facing-sand, is then subjected to a process of ramming until the flask is filled with sand, when, if the flask be an open one, a board or plate is laid over and clamped firmly to the follow-board, but should there be cross-bars in the flask, the plate is dispensed with. After clamping, the whole is rolled over, and is ready for subsequent operations. See FOLLOW-BOARD; MATCH-PLATE.
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Rollins
WALTER HUNTINGTON, an American educator, born in Newton, Mass., in 1869. He was educated at Dartmouth and at the Andover Theological Seminary. Ordained a congregational minister in 1898, he served as pastor in various churches, at Blackstone, Mass., and at Wilmington and Waterloo, Ia., until 1914, in which year he became president of Fairmount College, Wichita, Kan.
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Roman de la Rose
ro-mon' de la roz, or Romance of the Rose, an early French allegorical poem. It was begun by Guillaume de Lorris about the middle of the thirteenth century. He wrote about 4,000 lines. Early in the fourteenth century Jean de Meung continued the work. The complete poem contains about 20,000 lines. The poem was extremely popular, and is one of the most important literary works of the Middle Ages . Its subject is the art of love, but it satirizes the manners of the times. Historical facts, views on science, economics, and politics are interspersed. To the modern reader it is wearisome, but it suited the taste of the age in which it was produced. An English translation, entitled Romaunt of the Rose, is attributed to Chaucer.
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Roman Literature
. See Literature
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Roman Roads
certain ancient roads in Great Britain which the Romans left behind them. They were uniformly raised above the surface of the neighboring land and ran in a straight line from station to station. The four great Roman roads were Watling street, the Fossway, Icknield street, and Ermine street. Watling street probably ran from London to Wroxeter. The Fosse ran from Seaton in Devonshire to Lincoln. The Icknield Way ran from Iclingham, near Bury St. Edmunds, to Cirencester and Gloucester. The Ermine street ran through the Fenland from London to Lincoln. Besides these four great lines, which were long of great importance for traffic, there were many others.
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