Rajah
or more correctly RÁJÁ, originally, a title which belonged to princes of Hindu race who, either as independent sovereigns or as feudatories, governed a territory. Now, however, the title is used of independent sovereigns, of subiect or "protected" princes, of petty chiefs, of great landowners, and of some persons of eminence who are neither rulers nor landowners. RAJAMAHENDRI (formerly often spelt Rajahmundry), a town of India, in the presidency of Madras; on the left bank of the Godavari, 30 miles from its mouth. It has a museum, a provincial school, two jails, and some Christian churches. From 1753 to 1758 it was held by the French.
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Rajmahal
a decayed town of India; on a steep eminence on the right bank of the Ganges; 170 miles N. N. W. of Calcutta. It was long the chief town of the Bengal and Bahar provinces, but is now deserted and ruinous, being only noteworthy for the remains of its palaces, formerly belonging to Shah Shuja and Kasim Ali, and as a station in an important transit trade. The population consists largely of hillmen or "Paharias." Pop. Pop. (1920) about 75,000.
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Rajputana
an administrative territory of India. It lies between Sind on the W., the Punjab on the N., the Northwestern provinces on the E., and several native states of central India on the S. Its total area is 132,461 square miles, and its total pop. about 11 11,000,000. The most important of the native states is Jaipur, pop. 137,000. It gets its name from the ruling race of predominant Aryan tribes, called Rajputs. They are a proud aristocracy, own the soil, and have furnished ruling dynasties to very many of the native states in India. At the time of the Mohammedan invasions 11th century the Rajputs ruled in the dozen strong statesover half a Kanauj, Ajmere, Anhilwara, Udaipur, and Jaipur. From the end of the 16th to the middle of the 18th century these states acknowledged the supremacy of the Mogul Emperor of Delhi. Then they were made to recognize the Mahrattas as their masters; since the Mahrattas were crushed by the British the Rajput states are independent allies.
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Rakoczy March
a simple but grand military air by an unknown composer, dating from the end of the 17th century. The Hungarians adopted it as their national march. The air most generally known out of Hungary as the Rakoczy march is one by Berlioz in his "Damnation of Faust"; Liszt also wrote an orchestral version of the original.
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Rakshasas
in Hindu mythology, a class of evil spirits or genii, cruel monsters, frequenting cemeteries, devouring human beings, and assuming any shape at pleasure. They are generally hideous, but some, especially the females, allure by their beauty.
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Rale
in pathology, a noise or crepitation caused by the air passing through mucus in the bronchial tubes or lungs.
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Raleigh (City capital of the State)
a city, capital of the State of North Carolina, and county-seat of Wake co.; on the Southern, the Seaboard Air Line and the Norfolk Southern railroads, 28 miles S. E. of Durham. Here are the State Capitol, United States Government Building, State Penitentiary, State Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, State Asylum for the Insane, Home for Incurables, Rex Hospital, State Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baptist Female College, Male Academy, Shaw University (Bapt.), Peace Institute (Pres.), St. Augustine's School (P. E.), St. Mary's School (P. E.), and, near the city, the University of North Carolina, and Wake Forest College (Bapt.). The city contains electric street railroads, gas and electric lights, waterworks, National and savings banks, and daily and weekly newspapers. It has a large trade in cotton and tobacco, and its industries include flour mills, phosphate works, foundries and machine shops, brick making plants, car and car wheel shops, ice factory, etc. Pop. (1910) 19,218; (1920) 24,418.
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Rallentando
in music, a direction that the time of the passage over which it is written is to be gradually decreased.
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Ralph (JAMES an English poet born)
JAMES, an English poet; born in Philadelphia, Pa., about 1695. He went to England in 1725 with Benjamin Franklin, and was unsuccessful in his first efforts to win public favor. His poem on "Night" (1728) was ridiculed by Pope in his "Dunciad"; but his continuation of Guthrie's "History of England" (1744-1746) won public praise. He died in Chiswick, England, Jan. 25, 1762.
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Ralph (JULIAN an American journalist)
JULIAN, an American journalist; born in New York, May 27, 1853. He was connected with the New York "Sun" (1875-1895); the New York "Journal" (1896); the London "Daily Mail" (1899). His publications include: "On Canada's Frontier"; "Our Great West"; "People We Pass"; "Alone in China, and Other Stories"; "An Angel in a Web"; "War's Brighter Side"; etc. He died Jan. 20, 1903.
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Ralph Royster Doyster
the earliest English comedy. It was written by Nicholas Udall. The exact date of its appearance is unknown, but it was sometime before 1551. It is divided into acts and scenes, and thus shows an advance in dramatic form over the miracle plays of the time. Udall wrote the play to be presented by the boys of Eton College. It was printed in 1566.
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Ram
in machinery, the weight of a pile or post driver (see MONKEY). In nautical language: (1) A beak of iron or steel at the bow of a war-vessel, designed to crush in the sides of an adversary by running against her "end on"; the ram can be detached from the vessel. (2) A steam iron-clad, armed at the bow below the water-line with such a beak. In old warfare, same as BAT- TERING RAM (q. v.). In shipbuilding, a spar, hooped at the end, and used for moving timbers on end by a jolting blow.
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Rambaud
ALFRED NICOLAS, a French historian; born in Besançon, Doubs, France, July 2, 1842. Of his works the most important is the "History of French Civilization " (3 vols. 1885), which is used as a textbook in nearly all universities. His other publications include: "French Domination in Germany, 1792-1804" (1874); "Germany and the Russians," etc., (1877); "His- Under Napoleon I." (1874); "The French tory of Russia" (1878); "History of Civilization in France" (1887). He died Nov. 10, 1905. VIVONNE, MARQUISE DE, a French
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