Rubidium and Caesium
These metals were discovered by Bunsen and Kirchoff in 1860 in some spring-water they were analyzing. They are found in other waters, in the ashes of beet-root, in the mineral lepidolite, and are also found associated with potassium. Both these metals are closely analogous to potassium, but are more easily fusible and convertible into vapor, and also have more attraction for oxygen. Rubidium burns on water like potassium, and fires spontaneously in the air. See POTASSIUM.
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Ruble
or Rouble. See Russia
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Rublee
GEORGE, an American lawyer and public official, born in Madison, Wis., in 1868. He graduated from Harvard in 1890, from the Harvard Law School in 1895 and in 1896 became instructor in that school. After practicing for one year in Chicago, he removed to New York in 1898. He was appointed a member of the Federal Trade Commission in 1915, and in 1916 was appointed to report on the operation of the Adamson 8-hour law. In 1917 he was appointed a member of the Commercial Economy Board by the Council of National Defense, and in the same year acted as special counsel for the Treasury Department. He represented the United States Shipping Board, and the Emergency Fleet Corporation on the priorities committee of the War Industries Board, in 1917. In 1918-19 he was American delegate to the Allied Maritime Transport Council in London.
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Rubric
in the language of the old copies of MSS. and of modern printers, any writing or printing in red ink; the date and place in a title-page being frequently in red ink, the word rubric has come to signify the false name of a place a title-page. Thus, many books on printed at Paris bear the rubric of London, Geneva, etc. In law, the title of a statute; so called as being formerly written in red characters. Also, in MS. missals, the direction prefixed to the several prayers and offices formerly written in red; hence, an ecclesiastical or episcopal injunction; also the rubric familiarly signifies the order of the liturgy in the Roman Catholic and Protestant Episcopal Churches. Hence, that which is definitely fixed or authoritatively established; as, the rubric of the planetary system.
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Rubstone
A prepared emery block for cleaning and rubbing scales from castings; it is an excellent substitute for casting-brush, and for some purposes superior; this, as well as the vitrified rubstone, is to be obtained from the supply dealers in convenient sizes for hand use. See EMERY.
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Rubus
a genus of Potentillidæ (Lindley); of Rubeæ (Sir Joseph Hooker); creeping herbs or sarmentose shrubs, al' most always prickly; flowers in panicles or solitary, white or red. Fruit of several single-seeded juicy drupes, in a protuberant fleshy receptacle; known species about 100, chiefly from the north temper- In North America the leaves ate zone. of R. villosus are employed as an astringent. The leaves of R. arcticus have been used as a substitute for tea. Several Himalayan species or sub-species have edible fruits.
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Ruby Throat
the Trochilus colubris, a species. ies of humming bird, so named from the brilliant ruby red color of its chin and throat. In summer it is found in all parts of North America up to lat. 57° North.
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Rudder
primarily, an oar; specifically the instrument by which a ship is steered, being that part of the helm which consists of a piece of timber which enters the water, and is attached to the sternpost by hinges, on which it turns.
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Rudder Fish
Caranx Carangus; a fish allied to the mackerel, very common in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, so named from its habit of swimming around the sterns of ships, attracted, doubtless, by the refuse thrown overboard. The flesh is said to be coarse in flavor.
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Rudolf
or Rudolph (1218-1291), the founder of the Austrian house of Hapsburg. The Hapsburgs were of Swiss origin. Rudolf, partly by inheritance and partly by force of character, acquired an ascendency over the Swiss cantons of Lucerne, Zug. Zurich, and Berne. He was granted the title of protector of the French cantons. In 1273, chiefly through the instrumentality of his powerful friend, the Archbishop of Mainz, Rudolf was elected emperor. He made peace with Pope Gregory XI by renouncing all imperial claim to interfere in the appointment of bishops and other dignitaries of the German church. He brought Bohemia and Moravia unmistakably under the rule of the empire. He reduced many refractory nobles to subjugation by storming and destroying their strongholds. It is said that in one year he razed sixty castles and beheaded thirty of their robber owners. Under his strong rule the pack trains of the merchants were comparatively safe, and the free cities of the empire prospered. See Hapsburgs; Hanseatic League
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Rudolph
an Austrian Archduke, son of Francis Joseph I., born in 1858. He was carefully educated and entered the army at the age of twenty, but disand tinguished himself as a traveler writer. In 1881 he married Stephanie, daughter of King Leopold II., of Belgium. In 1889 he became the subject of a great deal of romantic interest, because of his death in a hunting lodge in the royal preserves, at Myerling, near Vienna. He had obv obviously committed suicide, the rumored cause being being his love for an actress, but this phase of the scandal was suppressed. Archduke Rudolph was one of the most accomplished members of the Imperial family. He was the author of "Fifteen Days on the Danube" (1881); "A Trip to the Orient" (1884); and planned and partly edited the monumental work "The Austrian-Hungarian Empire through Word and Picture" (1886- 1902).
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Rudolstadt
Germany, capital of the former principality of Schwarzburg- Rudolstadt (now part of the federated State of Thuringia), situated on the Saale, 18 miles S. of Weimar. It is famous for its manufacturies of fine porcelains, pianos, toys and chemicals. Pop. about 13,000.
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Rue
the genus Ruta. The common rue is R. graveolens, a half-shrubby plant, of a fetid odor and an acrid taste. The bluish - green leaves are pinnate, the flowers yellow; a native of southern Europe, but grown in gardens in the East and West Indies, the United States, etc. Rue oil is a powerful topical stimulant, an anti-spasmodic and an emmenagogue. It is used internally in flatulent colic, hysteria, epilepsy, etc., and as an enema, and externally as a rubefacient.
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