Rustum
in Persian legend, a famous warrior. He was of gigantic size and of great piety and valor. He met with many adventures in defending the Persian throne during his life of several centuries. His story is told in the epic poem, Shah Nahmeh. The most dramatic episode of his career is connected with his son Sohrab. Rustum married a beautiful princess Tahmineh. Obliged to leave her soon after their marriage, Rustum gave his wife an amulet, and said that if a son should be born to them, she must bind the amulet upon his arm. A boy was born, but fearing that the child would be taken from her, Tahmineh sent word to Rustum that the child was a girl. Sohrab grew into a prodigy of strength and courage. When only ten years old he started out to seek his father. Unwittingly, father and son met and engaged in single combat and the son was slain. Rustum discovered his identity by means of the amulet. Matthew Arnold has made use of the story in a poem entitled Sohrab and Rustum.
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Rutgers College
an educational institution in New Brunswick, N. J.; founded in 1766, under the auspices of the Dutch Reformed Church; reported the the Professors and structors, 75; students, 460; volumes in the library, about 100,000; number of graduates, 2,900; president, William H. S. Demarest, LL.D.
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Ruthenians
a Slavonic branch of Little Russians. About 3,500,000 dwell in Galicia, over 400,000 in Hungary, and 300,000 in Bukowina. Most of them now belong to the new state of Czecho-Slovakia.
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Rutherford
a borough of New It lies between Jersey, in Bergen co. the Passaic and Hackensack rivers, and is on the Erie railroad. It is almost entirely a residential place. Pop. (1910) 7,045; (1920) 9,497.
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Rutherford
or RUTHERFURD, SAMUEL, a Scotch divine; born in Nisbet, Scotland, about the year 1600. He studied at Edinburgh University, and He studied at Edinburgh University, of Anwoth in Kirkcudbright. On account of his strong Presbyterian views he was deprived of his living in 1636 and imprisoned for two years, when he was restored. He took a prominent part in the drawing up of the National Covenant. In 1639 he became Professor of Divinity, and in 1649 principal of the new college, St. Andrews. He published numerous politico-theological treatises. The most famous of these is "Lex Rex" ("The Law, King"), which on the Restoration was publicly burned and he himself charged with high treason. Death prevented him from answering the charge before Parliament. His familiar "Letters" have been frequently reprinted. He died in Edinburgh, March 23, 1661.
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Rutherford (SIR ERNEST a British physicist)
SIR ERNEST, a British physicist, born in Nelson, New Zealand, in 1870. He was educated at Nelson College, and at Canterbury College, New Zealand, and took post-graduate courses at Trinity College, Cambridge. He was professor of physics at McGill University, from 1898 to 1907, and was professor and director of the physical laboratory at the University of Manchester. He received the Rumford medal from the Royal Society in 1904, and the Barnard medal in 1910. In 1908 he received the Bressa prize from the Turin Academy of Sciences, and also the Nobel prize in 1908. In the same year he was made a knight. His scientific work related chiefly to radio activity. His works include. "Radio-Activity" (1904); "Radio-Active Transformations" (1906); and "Radio-Active Substances and Their Radiations" (1912).
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Rutherfurd
LEWIS MORRIS, an American astronomer; born in Morrisania, New York City, Nov. 25, 1816; was graduated at Williams College in 1834; admitted to the bar in 1837; and practiced in New York till 1849, when he retired from practice to devote himself to travel and the study of astronomy. He made a number of instruments for his observatory, among which were an object glass which proved a great success, a micrometer for the measurements of astronomical photographs, a ruling engine with which he produced interference gratings on glass and speculum metal. He retired from active astronomical work in 1883, and presented his instruments to Columbia College. He was one of the original members of the National Academy of Sciences. He died in Tranquillity, N. J., May 30, 1892.
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Rutherglen
a royal, parliamentary and municipal burgh in Scotland. It is situated in the county of Lanark, on the Clyde, 3 miles S. E. of Glasgow. It figures in Gaelic mediæval history, and to-day is an industrial center with coal mines and iron and steel works. The oldest church goes back to the twelfth century. Pop. about 25,000.
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Rutile
a widely distributed mineral, occurring mostly in crystals, occasionally massive; crystallization tetragonal; much twinned, by repetition of the same twin often assuming a geniculated appearance; hardness, 6 to 6.5; sp. gr., 4.18 to 4.25; luster, metallic-adamantine; color, red to reddish-brown, yellowishblack; streak, brown; transparent to opaque; fracture, sub-conchoidal to uneven; composition: oxygen, 39; titanium, 61-100, corresponding with the formula TiO2. Dana divides this species : into (1) ordinary, which includes the brownish-red and other shades; sp. gr., 4.18-4.22, and the acicular varieties often inclosed in rock crystal; (2) ferriferous; color black (a) nigrine, (b) ilmenorutile; (3) chromiferous, color grass-green, owing to oxide of chromium. Found distributed in granite, gneiss, mica-schists, and sometimes in granular limestones.
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Rutland
a city and county-seat of Rutland co., Vt.; on Otter creek, and on the Rutland, the Delaware and Hudson, the Central Vermont, and the Bennington and Rutland railroads; 50 miles S. W. of Montpelier. Here are an English and Classical Institute, the Baxter Memorial Reference Library, Rutland Free Library, State House of Correction, city hospital, court house, United States Government building, the first State Capitol (built in 1784), a State penitentiary; waterworks, street railroad and electric light plants, National and savings banks, and several daily and weekly newspapers. It is in a region rich in limestone, and marble has been quarried here since 1830. West Rutland, which was set off from Rutland in 1886, is the center of the marble interest. Besides its marble industry, Rutland has extensive scale works, iron works, and shirt and school furniture factories. In 1784-1804 Rutland was one of the State capitals. During the Revolutionary War it was on the frontier. Pop. (1910) 13,- 546; (1920) 14,954.
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