Southwell
a town of Nottinghamshire, England, since 1884 a cathedral city, on the ancient Ermine street, 7 miles W. by S. of Newark. A church was founded here by Paulinus about 630; but the stately cruciform minster, which with its three towers resembles York on a smaller scale, is wholly of post-Conquest date. In the old "Saracen's Head" Charles I. surrendered to the Scotch commissioners (1646); Byron's mother occupied Burgage Manor House (1804-1807); and there are picturesque ruins of the palace of the Archbishops of York. Pop. about 4,000. SOUTHWESTERN BAPTIST THEO- LOGICAL SEMINARY, one of the largest theological schools in the United States is located at Fort Worth, Texas. It was established in 1907 and is supported by the Southern Baptist Convention. Both men and women are admitted for instruction. There are from 600 to 800 students. President, Dr. L. R. Scarborough.
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Southwestern University
a co-educational institution in Georgetown, Tex.; founded in 1873 under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 27; students, 709; president, C. M. Bishop, A.M., D.D.
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Southworth, Emma Dorothy Eliza Nevitte
Emma Dorothy Eliza Nevitte (1819-1899), an American novelist. She was born at Washington, D. C. In 1840 she was married to Frederick H. Southworth. Two years later she engaged in teaching and began shortly to contribute to various periodicals. Her sixty novels were all published serially. Among them are The Irish Refugee, The Hidden Hand, The Mother's Secret, The Deserted Wife, The Fatal Marriage, and The Bridal Eve. The titles are sufficiently suggestive of the character of these stories. Although their literary merit is slight, they show some dramatic power and have won popularity both at home abroad, having been translated into several languages.
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Souvestre
ÉMILE, a French author; born in Morlaix, France, April 15, 1806. He wrote: "The Last of the Bretons" (1835-1837); "The Breton Fireside" (1884); "A Philosopher under the Roofs" (1850) crowned by the Academy; "Historical and Literary Conversations" (1854); and various plays. He died in Paris, July 5, 1854.
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Sow
The heavy pig iron which has served as a leading channel from the spout of the blast-furnace, and which serves the purpose of a runner to the pigs when the tap is made. The pigs are forcibly separated from it immediately the iron has solidified. See CAST IRON; PIG IRON.
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Sow Thistle
the popular name given to a species of a genus of composite plants, Sonchus. There are about 50 species, mostly herbaceous, but some forming shrubs or small trees. Some of the first may be considered cosmopolitan, while the woody sorts are almost restricted to the Canaries and to the island of Madeira. The most common species in Great Britain is the common sow thistle, Sonchus oleraceus. It is very abundant as a weed, is greedily fed upon by many animals, and is sometimes used on the European continent as a pot-herb. It grows to a height of two or three feet, with a branching stem and small yellow flowers. The S. alpinus forms a tall and fine plant, with fresh and sharply defined foliage and large heads of beautiful blue flowers. The S. arvensis is found in Massachusetts and southern New York.
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Spalato
or SPALATRO, a town of Dalmatia, Jugoslavia; on a promontory on the E. side of the Adriatic; 160 miles S. E. of Fiume. Here in a most beauti-
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Spalato (SPALATRO ful situation)
or SPALATRO ful situation the Emperor Diocletian built for himself a colossal palace, to which he retired when he abdicated the throne in 305. The palace faced the sea, looking S.; its walls were from 570 to 700 feet long and 50 to 70 feet high, and inclosed an area of 91½ acres. It stood square, like a Roman camp, and had a gate in the middle of each side, and was of the most solid construction. Architecturally it is of the highest interest in that it contains several features that presage the architectural styles and devices of modern times. Within the palace area is a building supposed to be the mausoleum of the emperor. Since the year 650 this edifice has been a Christian cathedral; it contains a magnificent marble pulpit. All exterior walls of this gigantic palace are still standing in a fairly good state of preservation. But the interior was converted into a town in 639 by the citizens of Savona who escaped the destruction of their town by the Avars, and it has been occupied ever since. The existing city of Spalato lies, more than half of it, outside the palace walls. It has a lively trade in gra grain, cattle, oil, horses, etc., the Lasva railway (1895-1897) connecting it with Bosnia and the Danubian lands. Its industries embrace the manufacture of liquors (rosoglio and maraschino). Pop. about 31,500.
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Spalding
ALBERT, an American violinist, born in Chicago, in 1888. He was educated in music in New York, Florence, and Paris, and made his first appearance in the latter city in 1905. Following this, he made a tour of the chief cities of Europe. He appeared with the Damrosch Orchestra in New York City in 1908 and followed this by a concert tour in the United States, and by tours in all of the principal cities of Europe, in Egypt, Cuba, and the West Indies. He was a composer of music for the violin. During the World War he served in the Signal Service as interpreter in Italy.
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Span
a measure of length, being the distance between the tips of the thumb and little finger when the fingers are expanded to their fullest extent. This space about 9 inches, which accordaverages averages ingly is the fixed measure given to the span.
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Spandau
a town and first-class fortress of Prussia; situated at the confluence of the Havel and the Spree; 8 miles W. by N. of Berlin. The principal defense of the capital on that side, it has very strong modern fortifications, including a citadel. In the "Julius tower" 6 SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR of this structure is preserved in gold the "Reichskriegsschatz" $30,000,000 that the government, according to a law of 1871, keeps in reserve for a great war. Spandau before the World War was the seat of large government cannon foundries, factories for making gunpowder and other munitions of war, and has an arsenal. The town, one of the oldest of Brandenburg, was a favorite residence of the electors. It surrendered to the Swedes in 1634, to the French in 1806, and in 1813 to the Prussians. Pop. about 90,000.
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