Spaniel
the name given to several varieties or breeds of dogs. Their distinguishing characteristics are a rather broad muzzle, remarkably long and full the interior buildings and nearly all the ears, hair plentiful and beautifully waved, particularly that of the ears, tail, and hinder parts of the thighs and legs. The prevailing color is liver and white, sometimes red and white or black and white, and sometimes deep brown, or black on the face and breast, with a tan spot over each eye. The English spaniel is a superior and very pure breed. The King Charles' dog is a small variety of the spaniel used as a lapdog. The Maltese dog is also a small species of spaniel. The water spaniels, large and small, differ from the common spaniel only in the roughness of their coats, and in uniting the aquatic propensities of the Newfoundland dog with the fine hunting qualities of their own race. Spaniels possess a great share of intelligence, affection, and obedience, which qualities, combined with much beauty, make them highly prized as companions.
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Spanish Bayonet
. See Yam ; Yucca Spanish Literature. See Literature ; Spanish
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Spanish Main
a name given to the N. coast of South America from the Orinoco to Darien, and to the shores of the former Central American provinces of Spain contiguous to the Caribbean Sea. The name, however, is often popularly applied to the Caribbean Sea itself, and in this sense occurs frequently in connection with the buccaneers. See BuUCCANEER.
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Spanish Moss
a hoary, gray air-plant hanging from the branches of trees, chiefly of the Gulf States. It is not a moss. Small yellow flowers with outcurved petals may be seen on examination. Although an airplant, it is related to the pineapple. Spanish moss gives a funereal appearance to Southern forests, draping the live oaks like a bridal veil, but with a weird effect far removed from bridal festivities. It is much used by cabinetmakers for cheap upholstering. It takes the place of sphagnum for packing purposes.
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Spanish Tutania
Important: Safety Warning This page describes trade processes that use dangerously toxic materials such as cyanide solutions, mercury amalgams, or strong acids. These processes require training, equipment, and precautions far beyond what the text describes. This information has been left in for historical purposes but should not be acted upon. If 8 ounces of iron or steel be melted with 16 ounces of antimony and 3 ounces of nitre, by adding the latter ingredients in small pieces after the steel is white hot a hardening is made, of which 1 ounce is sufficient to harden 8 ounces of tin. See TUTANIA. Spathic Iron Ore is the purest variety of clay iron-stone in which the metal occurs as a ferrous carbonate. A considerable proportion of the pig iron produced in England is smelted from these ores, the inferior grades of which constitute the clay ironstone and blackband ironstone of the coal-measures. See ORES.
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Spar
in mineralogy, a term employed to include a great number of crystallized, earthy, and some metallic substances, which easily break into rhomboidal, cubical, or laminated fragments with polished surfaces, but without regard to the ingredients of which they are composed. Among miners the term spar is frequently used alone to express any bright crystalline substance.
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Spargo
JOHN, an American author, born at Stithians, Cornwall, England, in 1876. He was educated in the public schools and then took extension courses at Oxford and Cambridge. Early in his JOHN SPARGO life he bcame interested in socialism and was one of the comparatively few Englishmen who publicly opposed the Boer War. He came to the United States in 1901 and from then on was active as a socialistic worker, lecturer and writer.
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Sparks
EDWIN ERLE, an American educator, born in Licking co., Ohio, in 1860. He was educated at Ohio State University, Harvard, and the University of Chicago, receiving from the latter in-
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Sparks (EDWIN ERLE After having served)
EDWIN ERLE After having served as a member of the National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party and as a delegate to most EDWIN ERLE SPARKS of the important conventions, he resigned from the Socialist Party in May, 1917, being opposed to the Socialist opposition to the entrance of the United States into the World War, as well as to the Socialist support of the Russian Communists. He was one of the founders of the National Party, of the American Alliance for Labor and Democracy, and of the Prospect House Social Settlement, Yonkers, N. Y. In 1919 he was appointed a member of the Industrial Conference. Besides numerous pamphlets and magazine articles on art, and on social and economic questions, he wrote: "Socialism" (1906); "Capitalist and Laborer" (1907); "The Spiritual Significance of Modern Socialism" (1908); "Karl Marx, His Life and Work" (1909); "Elements of Socialism" (with Professor Arner, 1911); "Applied Socialism" (1912); "Syndicalism, Industrial Unionism, and Socialism": (1913); "Americanism and Social Democracy" (1918); "Bolshevism" (1919); "The Psychology of Bolshevism" (1920), etc.
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Sparks (EDWIN ERLE stitution)
EDWIN ERLE stitution the degree of Ph.D. in 1900. He also holds honorary degrees from Lehigh University and Allegheny College. From 1884-1885 he was an assistant in history at Ohio State University, from 1885-1890 he taught school in Ohio, and from 1890-1895 he was principal of the preparatory department and teacher of history at Pennsylvania State College. From 1895-1907 he was connected with the University of Chicago successively as lecturer, instructor, assistant professor, associate professor, and professor of American History, curator of the historical museum, and dean of the University College. In 1908 he became president of Pennsylvania State College. He was a member of various historical and patriotic societies and committees. He wrote "Expansion of the American People" (1899); "Formative Incidents in American Diplomacy" (1902); "The United States of America" (2 vols., 1904); "Foundations of National Development" (1907); etc. He also contributed many essays and articles on historical and educational topics to periodicals and journals.
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Sparks (JARED an American historian)
JARED, an American historian; born in Willington, Conn., May 10, 1789; was graduated at Harvard College in 1815; studied theology; and was ordained in the Unitarian Church in Baltimore in 1819. He took part in the doctrinal controversy with orthodox theologians; was chosen chaplain of the National House of Representatives in 1821; edited the "Unitarian Miscellany and Christian Monitor" in 1821-1823; conducted the "North American Review" in 1824-1831; and was the originator and first editor of the "American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge." He was Professor of Ancient and Modern History at Harvard in 1839-1849; president of the college in 1849-1853; and the author of a large number of sermons, biographical and historical works, theological papers, etc., most notably "The Library of American Biography" and "Correspondence of the American Revolution." He died in Cambridge, Mass., March 14, 1866.
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