Spectrum
. See Color
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Single-source entries: S (129)
These 12 listings are so strange that each appears in only one of the 7 encyclopedias we compared. They include such classics as Spectrum, Spectrum Analysis, Spedding.
Spectrum Analysis
in physics and chemistry, the determination of the chemical composition, the physical condition, or both, of any body by the spectrum of the light which it emits or suffers to pass through it, under certain conditions. (See SPECTROSCOPE.)
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Spedding
JAMES, an English historian, born near Bassenthwaite, Cumberland, England, June, 1808. The labors of his whole life were concerned with the works of Lord Bacon; and his first work, "Evenings with a Reviewer" (2 vols., privately printed in 1848, published 1881), was an elaborate review of Macaulay's essay on the great philosopher. He published "The Works of Francis Bacon" (7 vols. 1857-1859); "Life and Letters of Francis Bacon" (7 vols. 1870-1876); "Life and Times of Francis Bacon" (2 vols. 1878); and a volume of miscellaneous "Reviews and Discussions" (1869). He died in London, March 9, 1881.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Speech
spoken language; uttered sounds intended to convey meaning, and produced by the organs of voice, namely, the larynx, and the mouth and its parts, including the tongue and teeth. In speech two great classes of sounds are produced, these being usually known as vowels and consonants. Vowels are pronounced by sounds coming primarily from the larynx and passing with comparative freedom through the mouth cavity, though modified in certain ways; while consonants are formed by sounds caused by the greater or less interruption of the current of air from the larynx in the mouth. Vowels can be uttered alone and independently of consonants, and their sounds can be prolonged at will; consonants have no importance in speech as apart from vowels, and are named consonants from being used along with vowels. Both vowel and consonant sounds are very numerous if we investigate the different languages of the world, but any one language only has a fraction of those that may be used. A single sound may convey an idea of itself and thus form a word, or several may be combined to form word, and if the word a is uttered by several distinct successive changes in position of the vocal organs it is a word of so many syllables. Words, again, are combined to form sentences or complete statements, and the aggregate of words used by any people or community in mutual intercourse forms its language. See PHILOLOGY; VOICE: VOWEL.
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Speed
JAMES, an American lawyer; born in Jefferson co., Ky., March 11, 1812; was graduated at St. Joseph's College in that State; commenced the practice of law in Louisville, and in 1847 was elected to the lower house of the Legislature, and in 1861 to the Senate. The outbreak of the Civil War found Judge Speed an uncompromising Union man, and he took charge of the recruiting stations in Kentucky. He was a brother of JOSHUA F. SPEED, the friend of Abraham Lincoln, and it was probably through this acquaintance with his brother that Lincoln came to select Speed for a place in his cabinet, though he had previously gained distinction as a lawyer and professor in the Law School of Transylvania University at Lexington. Speed was appointed Attorney-General in November, 1864, and was retained in the office by President Johnson after the assassination of Mr. Lincoln till July, 1866, when he resigned. He died June 25, 1887.
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Speer
ROBERT ELLIOTT, an American missionary secretary, born in Huntingdon, Pa., in 1867. He graduated from Princeton University in 1889, and from the Princeton Theological Seminary in the following year. In 1891 he was appointed secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, and made tours in connection with this work in China, Persia, Korea, and Japan in 1896-7. In 1909 he visited South America, and in 1915 Japan, China, the Philippine Islands, and Siam. During the World War he was a member of the advisory committee on the religious and moral activities of the Army and Navy. He wrote "Missions and Politics in Asia" (1898); "Missionary Principles and Practice" (1902); "Christianity and the Nations" (1910); "South American Problems" (1912); "Studies in the Gospel of John" (1915).
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Spelt
in botany, an inferior kind of called also Gerwheat, Triticum spleta; stout, almost solid man wheat. It has a of grain. It straw, with strong spikes common wheat, and is more hardy than and other parts of grows in in Bavaria France, and in Germany, in the south of Switzerland where elevated situations in not ripen. common wheat would
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Spencer
SELDEN PALMER, a United States Senator from Missouri, born in Erie, Pa., in 1862. He graduated from Yale in 1884, and from the law department of Washington University in 1886. He engaged in the practice of law in St. Louis in the same year. He served as a member of the State House of Representatives in 1895-1896, and as
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Spencer (HERBERT an English England)
HERBERT, an English , England philosopher; born in Derby , His father was a April 27, 1820. schoolmaster in that town. At the the proage of 17 he entered on , in Lonfession of a railway engineer years afterdon; but about eight this profession, which ward he gave up him. He had allacked interest for papers to the ready contributed various Architects' Jour- "Civil Engineers' and of 1842 he nal"; and in the later half to the "Nonwrote a series of letters The Proper conformist" newspaper on "
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Spencer (Town in Worcester co)
a town in Worcester co., and Albany rail- Mass.; on the Boston Worcester. It road; d; 11 miles S. W. of Richard Sugden Public Licontains the High School, brary, the David Prouty railroad and a National bank, street a number of electric light plants, and It has manufacweekly newspapers. tories of wire, boots, brass goods, shoes, . (1910) 6,740; and woolen goods. Pop (1920) 5,930.
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Spencer Gulf
an extensive inlet of South Australia; length about 200 miles, breadth at at widest about 90 miles, and at inner extremity about 3 miles.
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Spender
E. HAROLD, a British author and journalist, born at Bath, England, in 1864. He was educated at Bath College and was Exhibitioner at University College, Oxford. He went on the staff of the "Echo" in 1887, and in 1889 became lecturer for the Oxford University Extension Delegacy. He was on the staff of the "Pall Mall Gazette," 1891-1893; "Westminster Gazette," 1893- 1895; "Daily Chronicle," 1895-1899; "Manchester Guardian," 1899-1900, and "Daily News," 1900-1914. He devoted himself to propaganda during the World War. His works include: "Story of the Home Rule Session"; "At the Sign of the Guillotine"; "Through the High nd social phe- "General Pyrenees"; Botha"; "The Arena"; Arena"; "David Lloyd "Home George." Rule";
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia