Each of these 7 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
a city of New Jersey, in Union co. It is on the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western and the Rahway Valley railroads. It is a favorite residential place on account of its elevation and the beauty of its surrounding scenery. Its public buildings include a public library and a hospital. The chief industry is the manufacture of silk. Pop. (1910) 7,500; (1920) 10,174.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
in law, a writ commanding the sheriff, or other authorized officer, to notify a party to appear in court, to answer a complaint made against him, and in the same writ specify some day therein mentioned.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Fort, a national fortification situated on a shoal in Charleston harbor. It is about three miles from the city. The original fort was a brick structure with walls about forty feet in breadth, resting on a riprap foundation. The opening of the Civil War dates from the firing on Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861. The attack was conducted by General Beauregard. Major Robert Anderson, with a garrison of seventy-five men, surrendered the fort on the 13th. They were permitted to board a steamer for New York City. Authorities state that no less than 2,500 shot and shell struck the walls of the fort or fell within them. No one was hit on either side during the bombardment. Various attempts were made by the Union forces to retake Fort Sumter. General Gilmore conducted a siege lasting from August 12 to December 11, 1863. Nearly 20,000 shot struck the walls or fell within the inclosure. The walls were almost demolished, without success, however. The fort was evacuated by the Confederate army on the approach of Sherman, February 17, 1865. On April 14th the Union forces, then occupying the city, held impressive flag-raising services. The same American flag was run up that Anderson had lowered four years previously. The site is now occupied by a modern ironclad fort with steel turrets, and is defended by huge rifles and mortars of modern patterns. See Charleston; Civil War
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Thomas (1734-1832), a partisan leader in the War of the American Revolution. He was born in Virginia. He died near Camden, South Carolina . He was present at Braddock's defeat in 1755. After the surrender of Charleston to the British in 1780, Sumter placed himself at the head of a body of light horse similar to that led by Marion. His pluck, endurance, and activity gained him the name of the "Carolina Game Cock." He swept down upon the foraging parties of Cornwallis with such cheerfulness and cut off portions of cavalry with such success that the British commander declared him one of his "greatest plagues." Tarleton caught him napping on the Catawba once. At the close of the war Congress gave Sumter a vote of thanks for gallant action at Eutaw Springs. Later South Carolina sent him to Congress, first as a representative and afterward as a senator. In 1809 President Madison appointed him United States minister to Brazil. Sumter was the last surviving officer of the Revolutionary army. See Marion
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
in ornithology, the Eurypya helias, from the N. parts of South America. It is about 16 inches long; body small and thin, neck long and slender, head like that of a heron, with a long, powerful beak compressed at the sides and slightly arched at the culmen; the plumage is minutely variegated with bars and spots of many colors. It is often made a pet by the Brazilians, who call it pavaõ (=peacock), whence it is sometimes called the peacock heron.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a form of nature worship, widely, though by no means universally diffused at the present day among races of low culture. Traces of sun worship appear in the earliest records of the human race. They are present in the old theology of Egypt. Putting aside the later sun gods of Greece and Rome, horses were sacrificed on Mount Taygetus to that Helios to whom Socrates did not think it wrong to pray; and Cicero exclaims at the number of suns set forth by Roman theologians. The worship of Mithra spread ad from the East into the Roman empire, and that Vedic divinity was at last identified with the sun. In the Old Testament there are solemn denunciations of sun worship (Deut. iv: 19, xvii: 3; Jer. xliii: 13; Ezek. viii: 16-18); for the Israelites were surrounded by sun worshipers, and it is clear from II Kings xxiii: 5, 19, that the rulers of Judah had adopted the cult. Modern Hinduism is full of sun worship, and it exists as a distinct cultus among the Kol tribes, the Khonds, and the Tartars. It is still widely spread among the native races of Central America, and probably found its highest form of development in Peru, where the sun was held to be at once the ancestor and founder of the dynasty of the Incas, who reigned as his representative, and made sun worship the great State religion.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a Chinese revolutionary leader, born in 1866, near Canton. When still young, he was taken by his parents to Hawaii, where he attended Iolani College. He later graduated from the Hongkong School of Medicine, and for a year practiced at Macao. Soon, however, he gave himself up to the project of driving the Manchu dynasty from China. He attempted a revolt in 1895, which failed, and he fled to Japan and later to Honolulu and San Francisco. He organized the Chinese living abroad in all countries into a reform association to aid the coming revolution. Although large rewards were offered by the government for his death, he escaped without harm. The revolution of 1911 was chiefly successful through the preparations made by him, and he was elected provisional president of the Chinese Republic. He resigned in 1912 in favor of Yuan Shih-kai, in order to induce the latter to join the Republican cause. He later incurred the hostility of Yuan and was obliged to retire to Japan. He continued to agitate for reforms in China and was largely responsible for the rebellions of 1913, 1915, and 1916.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia