Stamford (Municipal borough of England)
a municipal borough of England, chiefly in Lincolnshire, but partly also in Northamptonshire; on the Welland, 12 miles W. N. W. of Peterborough. Hengist is said to have here defeated the Picts and Scots in 449, and Stamford thereafter is notable as one of the Danish "five burghs," for the persecution of its Jews (1190), for its colony of Flemish Protestants (1572), as the birthplace of the earliest provincial newspaper, the Stamford "Mercury" (1695), and for its famous bull-running on Nov. 13, from King John's time till 1839. Among its many interesting buildings should be mentioned St. Mary's, with a fine spire, All Saints, with a fine tower and steeple, St. Martin's, with Lord Burghley's grave, a town hall, corn exchange, literary institute, a bridge, Brown's Hospital (15th century), and boys' and girls' high schools. "Burghley House, by Stamford town," is a magnificent Renaissance pile, dating from 1575, with a noble park, carvings by Grinling Gibbons, and a great collection of pictures. The trade and industries are mainly agricultural. Pop. about 10,000.
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Stamp
a term specifically applied to the public mark or seal made by a government or its officers upon paper or parchment whereon private deeds or other legal agreements are written, and for which certain charges are made for purposes of revenue. The name is also The applied to a small piece of stamped paper issued by government, to be attached to a paper, letter, or document liable to duty. See STAMP DUTY.
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Stamp Duty
a tax or duty imposed on pieces of parchment or paper, on which many species of legal instruments are written. In Great Britain stamp duties on legal instruments used to be chiefly secured by prohibiting the reception of them in evidence unless they bore the stamp required by the law. By the Customs and Inland Revenue Act (1888), however, the not stamping of bonds, conveyances, leases, mortgages, or settlements, is held to be an offense punishable by a fine of $50. The internal revenue acts of the United States of 1862, and subsequent years, required stamps for a great variety of subjects, under severe penalties in the way of fines and invalidating of written instruments; stamps for tobacco are still in use. See TAX.
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Stamp Mill
a contrivance of great disappears gradually without effort at utility in reducing hard mineral ores to a pulverized condition. It consists of an engine containing a series of heavy iron shod pestles.
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Stamps
. See Postal Information
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Stanchfield
JOHN BARRY the best known lawyers who practiced in New York City, and took part in many important cases.
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Stanchfield
JOHN BARRY, an American lawyer and public official, born in Elmira, N. Y., in 1855. He graduated from Amherst College in 1876 and from Harvard Law School in the following year. In 1878 he was admitted to the bar and practiced at Elmira from 1878 to 1900. During a part of the time he was a partner of David Bennett Hill. From 1885 to 1905 he was a member of the firm of Reynolds, Stanchfield & Collin, New York. His political career included service as mayor of Elmira from 1886 to 1888, and as assemblyman in 1895-6. In 1900 he was Democratie candidate for governor of New York and in 1901 was Democratic nominee for United States senator. He was one of
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Standard
a flag or ensign round which men rally, or under which they unite for a common purpose; a flag or carved symbolical figure, etc., erected on a long pole or staff, serving as a rallying point or the like. The ancient military consisted of a symbol standard on a pole like the Roman eagle, which may be considered as their national standard. Each cohort had its own standard surmounted with a figure of Victory, an open hand, etc., the pole being decorated with circular medallions, crescents, etc. peculiar standard adopted by Constan- The labarum was the tine. In mediæval times the standard was not square, like the banner, but elongated, like the guidon and pennon, but much larger, becoming narrow and rounded at the end, which was slit, unless the standard belonged to a prince of the blood-royal. The size of the standard was regulated by the rank of the person whose arms it bore. It was generally divided into three portionsone containing the arms of the knight, then came his cognizance or badge, and then his crest; these being divided by bands, on which was inscribed his war cry or motto, the whole being fringed with his livery or family colors. Cavalry standards are properly banners of a small size. The corresponding flags used by infantry regiments are called colors. In the United States Army the standards are the national and regimental silk flags, which are carried by cavalry and field artillery regiments.
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Standish
MYLES, an American soldier; born in Duxbury, Lancashire, about 1584; served in the Netherlands; and, though not a member of the Leyden congregation, sailed with the "Mayflower" colony to Massachusetts in 1620, and became the champion of the Pilgrims against the Indians. During the first winter his wife died, and the traditional account of his first effort to secure another partner has been made familiar by Longfellow. In 1622, warned of a plot to exterminate the English, he enticed three of the Indian leaders into a room at Weymouth, where his party, after a desperate fight, killed them, and a battle that followed ended in the flight of the natives. Standish was the military head of the colony, and long its treasurer. A monument, 100 feet high and surmounted by a statue, has been erected to him on Captain's Hill at Duxbury. In 1632 he settled at Duxbury, Mass., where he died, Oct. 3, 1656.
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Stanford
LELAND, an American philanthropist; born in Watervliet, Albany co., N. Y., March 9, 1824; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1849, and the same year began to practice at Port Washington, Wis. In 1852 he went to California, where he engaged in mining, but in 1856 removed to San Francisco, and there engaged in business, laying the foundation of a fortune estimated at more than $50,000,000. In 1860 he made his entrance into public life as a delegate to the Chicago convention that nominated Abraham Lincoln for the presidency. Subsequently he was elected president of the Central Pacific railroad in 1861; 1861; was governor of California in 1861-1863; and in 1885 was elected to the United States Senate. In memory of a deceased son, Leland Stanford, Jr., he gave $20,000,000 for the founding of Leland Stanford University at Palo Alto, Cal. He died in Palo Alto, June 21, 1893.
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