Salvage
the act of saving a ship or goods from extraordinary danger, as from fire, the sea, an enemy, pirates, or the like. In commercial and maritime law: (1) A payment or compensation to which those persons are entitled who have by their voluntary efforts saved ships or goods from extraordinary danger, as from fire, the sea, an enemy, pirates, or the like. The amount of salvage of salvage to be paid lvors is generally agreed on between the salvors and the owners of the property salved; but if they cannot agree, the sum to be paid, and the proportions in which it shall be paid, are determined by the Admiralty Court. The crew of a ship are not entitled to any salvage for any extraordinary efforts they may make in saving their own vessel. (2) The property saved from extraordinary danger by the voluntary efforts of the salvors.
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Salvation Army
an organization, formed on the model of an army, for evangelizing evangelizing the masses in large cities; originally known as the Christian Mission; founded at Mile End, London, by the Rev. William Booth, July 5, 1865. From 1872 to the present the movement has spread and is now represented in 66 countries. In 1918 there were 10,591 corps and outposts, 1,246 social institutions, 17,476 officers and cadets, 68,676 The local officers, and 31,400 bandsmen. organization issued 76 periodicals with 1,210,000 total copies per issue. The total was number of its social institutions , in- 1,246, including food depots, shelters dustrial homes, labor bureaus, inebriates' homes, children's homes, rescue homes, and maternity homes. Almost 6,500,000 beds and 17,500,000 meals were supplied. The labor bureaus received 82,475 applications for work and found 75,730 situations. In 1919, in the United States, there were 1,000 corps and outposts; 3,000 officers and cadets; 75 hotels; 92 industrial homes; 11 slum posts and nurseries; 25 rescue homes and maternity hospitals. In 1919, $14,000,000 was subscribed. In all the large cities of the United States Christmas dinners are provided for the poor and needy. Evangeline Booth is the Commander-in-Chief in the United States. The international offices are in London, England. William Bramwell Booth, eldest son of the founder, is general of the entire organization. During the World War the very extensive welfare work for soldiers and sailors and their families, undertaken both at the fronts and at home, was notably successful. See RE- LIEF, WAR.
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Salve
that which saves, mitigates, relieves, or preserves; a help; a remedy; an aid; an antidote; as, heavy damages proved a salve to his dishonor. Also an adhesive composition; a substance applied to heal, mollify, or relieve wounds or sores; an unguent; an ointment; a plaster.
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Salvia
sage; the typical genus of the Salvidæ. Calyx two-lipped; stamens two, forked. Undershrubs or herbs, widely distributed. Known species about 400, many of them very showy, flowering plants, cultivated in gardens or in greenhouses. S. officinalis, of which there are many varieties, is the common sage, a well-known culinary herb (see SAGE). It is a feeble tonic and astringent and an efficient aromatic. S. grandiflora is also culinary. The galls of S. pomifera are eaten in Candia, as are the stalks of S. moorcroftiana in the Himalayas. The root is used in cough, the seeds as an emetic, and the leaves as a medicine in guinea-worm and itch, or as a poultice to wounds. The seeds of S. plebeia and S. pumila, also Indian species, are given in gonorrhea, etc.
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Salvini
TOMMASO, an Italian tragedian; born in Milan, Jan. 1, 1830. His father and mother were both actors; he was trained under Modena, a distinguished player; and became well known as a member of Ristori's company. In 1849 he fought with distinction in the revolutionary war; and returning to the stage played with eminent success as Edipus in a play written for Salvini by Nicolini, and as Saul in Alfieri's drama. In Paris he played in these, in Racine's plays, and as Shakespeare's Othello the part with which he is identified in the minds of English playgoers. He scored successes in Brussels and Madrid, and visited the United States in 1874, England in 1875, with as great éclat. But after another visit to the United States in 1890, he retired from the stage to enjoy a life of earned leisure in his villa near Florence. Among his most striking parts were-besides Othello-Hamlet, Macbeth, and Lear. He died in 1916.
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Salwin
SALWEEN, or SALWEN, a river of Burma with a general N. and S. course parallel to the Irrawady, rising in southwestern China, and falling into the Indian Ocean (Gulf of Martaban), the towns of Martaban, Moulmein, and Amherst being at or near its mouth. The river course is interrupted by rocks and ra rapids, but vessels of the largest size can reach Moulmein. Vast quantities of teak are annually floated down the Salwin and shipped at Moulmein for export. The area of the Salwin basin is 62,700 square miles; the river is 1,750 miles in length, and from 1 to 4 miles in breadth.
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Salzbrunn
a group of three villages (New, Lower, and Upper Salzbrunn) in Silesia; 30 miles S. of Breslau; having eight mineral springs, which attract many visitors in the season. The water is alkalo-saline; it is extensively exported. There are glass and porcelain factories, yarn-spinning works, brick works, and coal mines.
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Salzburg
a city of Austria, capital of the province of Salzburg, picturesquely situated on both banks of the rapid Salza, which is here hemmed in between two isolated hills, 73 miles S. E. of Munich. It is partly walled, and has several handsome squares and streets, ornamental grounds, park, and river promenades. The principal edifices are the cathedral (1614-1668) built in imitation of St. Peter's, Rome, several other churches; the archbishop's palace (now belonging to the town), former imperial palace, exchange, museum, and several benevolent institutions. It was the birthplace of Mozart, and there is a bronze statue of the composer by Schwanthaler. There is a theological college, and other high-class educational institutions, extensive libraries, etc. The manufactures before the World War were not individually of importance. The town was the see of a bishop in the 7th century, which in 798 was raised to an archbishopric. The Bishops of Salzburg were princes of the German empire, and held the position of sovereigns over the archbishopric till it was secularized in 1802. Pop. about 37,- 7 300. The province of Salzburg, area 2,767 square miles, is a mountainous country, intersected by numerous valleys, chiefly pastoral, but in many of them much corn and fruit are raised. Wood is abundant, and the minerals, which are very valuable, include gold, silver, lead, copper, cobalt, iron, salt, and marble. 000 Pop. about 219,000.
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